SAT考试自2016年起正式启用改革新题,就SAT语法部分来说,命题者摒弃了那些死抠语法规则的题目,鼓励考生去扮演一个小编辑,来润色文章,使之更通顺。那么,我们要如何应对这一改变呢?之前备考归纳的那些语法点还有用吗?其实,新旧SAT考题考查的语法点还是基本相似的,只不过有四个新增考点需要大家加以重视。
论据是否恰当
这个考点要求考生检验文章中的信息(如细节、事实、数据)是否可以支持文章观点。
【样题】His broader brush strokes and sponge-painted shapes create majestic city skylines, with skyscrapers towering in the background, bridges connecting neighborhoods on either side of a river, and delicately painted creatures, such as a tiny, barely visible cat prowling in the bushes of a park.
Question: The writer wants to complete the sentence with a third example of a detail Kingman uses to create his majestic city skylines. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?
A. NO CHANGE
B. exquisitely lettered street and storefront signs.
C. other details that help define Kingman's urban landscapes.
D. enormous ships docking at busy urban ports.
【分析】此题问的是四个选项中哪个例子更能体现Kingman的创作取材。原文中的majestic是关键词,这位画家擅长描绘“宏伟的”城市景观,所以例子也必须体现“宏伟”。如此一来,原句(cat)和B (street和signs)、C (details)两项都不够大气,只有D项“泊入繁忙市区港口的大船”才能体现宏伟。故答案为D。
【启示】这道题中的原句并没有语法错误,其真正考的是论据的恰当性,因此在做此类题时,考生不能把注意力停留在语法层面,而必须读懂上下文,体会作者意图,找到支持观点的证据或例子。
用词是否准确
此考点要求考生判断文章中某个词的措辞是否恰当,是否符合上下文语境。
【样题】As Kingman developed as a painter, his works were often compared to paintings by Chinese landscape artists dating back to CE 960, a time when a strong tradition of landscape painting emerged in Chinese art. Kingman, however, vacated from that tradition in a number of ways, most notably in that he chose to focus not on natural landscapes, such as mountains and rivers, but on cities.
Question: The writer wants to indicate that Kingman deviated from the tradition of Chinese landscape painting. Which version of the underlined part makes the most sense in the context?
A. NO CHANGE B. evacuated
C. departed D. retired
【分析】题目问的是要不要把划线的vacated换掉。原文大意是:人们常常拿Kingman的作品和中国传统风景画作比较。可是,他不画山水自然景观,而是专攻城市风情,不走寻常路。由此可以猜出划线部分的词语应该表达“偏离”之意。通过观察可以发现,四个选项都有“离”的含义,但是原词vacate指的是“腾出(地方或场所);辞去(职位)”,不符合原文语境;B项evacuate指“撤离;疏散”,也是风马牛不相及;D项retire指“退休;撤退”,更是离题万里;只有C项depart可表示“背离(传统)”。故答案为C。
【启示】有的同学可能会惊叹:“这还是语法题吗?”其实,新SAT语法部分改名叫“Writing and Language”,增设了对考生字词应用能力的考查。想象一下,作者在写文章时想找个大词来彰显文采,一看词典里表示“离”这个含义的有十几个,于是随意挑一个,也不去琢磨这些同义词的细微差别,结果非但没能彰显文采,可能还会闹出笑话。因此,意思相近或相关的词语大家要注意区分,不要不管三七二十一随便用,否则就会贻笑大方。
图表和文字是否关联
这个考点要求考生检查文字和图表是否相关,以及文字描述是否精准。
【样题】The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts steady job growth in this field, projecting that 16 percent of new jobs in all occupations will be related to urban and regional planning.
Question: Which choice completes the sentence with accurate data based on the graph?
A. NO CHANGE
B. warning, however, that job growth in urban and regional planning will slow to 14 percent by 2020.
C. predicting that employment of urban and regional planners will increase 16 percent between 2010 and 2020.
D. indicating that 14 to 18 percent of urban and regional planning positions will remain unfilled.
【分析】题目问的是哪个选项准确描述了图表上的数据。原文中出现了16%,我们要找16%对应的内容,从图表可以发现其对应的是中间Urban and Regional Planners的横条。图表的标题是“预计2010~2020年城市和地区规划师的就业增长百分比”,也就是说2010~2020年这个职业就业人数增长16%,而这与划线部分的意思“预计所有新增工作中16%是跟城市和地区规划相关”大相径庭,因此A项不可选。再来分析剩余三个选项,不难发现,C项的描述与图表相吻合,故为正确答案。
【启示】做此类题并不需要数学知识,而是要将数据和文字关联起来。如果考生对读图表不太熟练,可以参考雅思作文部分Task 1图表写作题的范文,从中学习如何捕捉图表信息,积累描述数据趋势走向的词汇和句型。
标点使用是否规范
这个考点要求考生判断标点使用是否规范且是否符合上下文的逻辑。
【样题】People who pursue careers in transportation planning have a wide variety of educational backgrounds.
Question: Which is the best version of the underlined part of the sentence above?
A. NO CHANGE
B. People, who pursue careers in transportation planning,
C. People who pursue careers, in transportation planning,
D. People who pursue careers in transportation planning,
【分析】我们首先可以把C和D排除,因为句中的逗号不符合语法规则。而A和B在语法上没有问题,区别在于A是限定性定语从句,而B是非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句用来修饰先行词,是句中的重要信息;而非限定性定语从句是起补充说明作用的,少了也不影响原句的意思。那么who pursue careers in transportation planning这个信息重要吗?来看看原句的意思:从事交通规划职业的人教育背景各不相同。假设这个信息不重要,那么把定语从句删去后就变成:People have a wide variety of educational backgrounds. 这里的people是指哪些人?是不是让人一头雾水?所以,这个定语从句是重要信息,应该看做限定性定语从句,故答案为A。
【启示】在这道题中,标点的作用被突显出来,标点除了要符合语法规范,还起到了区别句中重要信息和次要信息的作用。SAT新增标点这个考点是对ACT考试的借鉴,因此,考生不妨做做ACT的语法改错题,里面有大量类似的考题可以用来练习。
综上可见,新SAT更加强调实际语境、上下文逻辑关联和例证的相关性。同学们除了要掌握英语书面语法知识,还要增加对高级英语写作范畴中的遣词造句、谋篇布局、思维连贯、例证使用等的练习和运用,这样才能在考试中做到处变不惊。
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