"Zhu Zhiwu retreats from the Qin division" PPT teaching courseware

"Zhu Zhiwu retreats from the Qin division" PPT teaching courseware

Part One: Scenario Introduction

In the majestic court of the King of Qin, Lin Xiangru used his eloquent tongue to thwart the King of Qin's conspiracy to seize the jade and returned the jade to Zhao safely; in the face of the fierce attacks of the Confucian scholars, Zhuge Liang used his eloquent tongue to defeat the King of Qin. , impressed the learned men of Soochow, and made Sun and Liu quickly form an alliance; when the Zheng State was in danger, the old Zhu Zhiwu spoke softly, and the tiger and wolf divisions retreated without fighting, and the siege of the iron barrel failed. self-destructive.

How did Zhu Zhiwu convince Uncle Qin to not only withdraw the Qin army surrounding Zheng in the tense and hostile situation, but also send troops to protect Zheng? With this question, we walked into "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Master" together.

Zhu Zhiwu retreats from Qinshi PPT, the second part of the content: Learning objectives

1. Understand "Zuo Zhuan" and related literary knowledge

2. Summarize and organize common words and sentence patterns in classical Chinese

3. Accurately understand and grasp Zhu Zhiwu’s reasons for retreating from the Qin army

4. Analyze the image characteristics of Zhu Zhiwu

Zhu Zhiwu retreats from Qinshi PPT, the third part of the content: First introduction to the text

Zuo Qiuming

Zuo Qiuming (about 502 BC - about 422 BC), whose surname was Qiu and whose given name was Ming, was named Zuo Qiuming because his father was the historian of Zuo. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, he was born in Junzhuang, the capital of the State of Lu (now Donghengyu Village, Shiheng Town, Feicheng City, Shandong Province). A historian, writer, thinker, essayist, and military strategist in the late Spring and Autumn Period. At the same time as Confucius or slightly older than Confucius. Zuo Qiuming is the founder of traditional Chinese historiography. His two historical masterpieces, "Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals" and "Guoyu", preserve original materials of high value. Due to the detailed historical materials and vivid writing style of his works, he is known as "the ancestor of hundreds of schools of writing and the ancestor of ancient Chinese literature for all ages."

"Zuo Zhuan"

According to legend, the author of "Zuo Zhuan" was Zuo Qiuming, a historian of the State of Lu. However, due to insufficient literature, there is no conclusion yet. Also known as "Zuo Shi Chun Qiu" and "Zuo Shi Chuan Chun Qiu", it is my country's first detailed and complete chronological historical work and one of the "Thirteen Classics". Because "Zuo Zhuan", "Gongyang Zhuan" and "Gu Liang Zhuan" were all written to explain "Spring and Autumn", they are also called "Three Biography of Spring and Autumn". Some people also believe that "Zuo Zhuan" is an independent and self-contained historical work.

ancient title

Titles are conferments bestowed by ancient emperors on noble relatives and heroes. It is said that in the Zhou Dynasty, there were five titles: Duke, Marquis, Bo, Zi and Nan. According to "Mencius: Wan Zhang Pian": "The emperor's system is thousands of miles away. The princes are all a hundred miles away, the uncle is seventy miles away, the son is fifty miles away, and the fourth grade." In this article, the princes of Jin, the uncles of Qin, and Uncle Zheng was also knighted.

background link

Qin and Jin besieged Zheng in 630 BC (the 30th year of Duke Xi of Lu). Before that, Zheng Guo offended Jin Guo by two things. First, when Duke Wen of Jin passed by the State of Zheng on his escape, the State of Zheng did not treat him politely; second, in the battle of Chengpu between Jin and Chu in 632 BC (the 28th year of Duke Xi of Lu), the State of Zheng sent troops to help the State of Chu (" "Zuo Zhuan: The Twenty-eighth Year of Duke Xi": "In the third month of the campaign, Zheng Bo came to his army like Chu."). As a result, the Battle of Chengpu ended with Chu's defeat. Zheng Guo felt that the situation was not good and immediately sent an envoy to Jin to establish a good relationship with Jin. Even in May 632 BC, "The Marquis of Jin and Zheng Bo formed an alliance at Hengyong." However, it failed to influence Jin in the end. In order to fight for hegemony, Jin Wengong launched the war two years later.

Zhu Zhiwu retreats from Qin Division PPT, the fourth part: overall perception

Read the pronunciation correctly

�南（ ） Yi Zhihu ( ) There is nothing you can do ( )

I don’t know ( ) I’m tired of it all ( ) If I don’t miss Qin ( )

Fu Jin ( ) Qin Bo said ( ) the light came out at night ( )

Mrs. Wei's power is beyond this ( )

Send Qi Zi and meet Sun Shuzhi ( ) ( )

Translate the text according to the notes.

The Marquis of Jin and the Bo of Qin besieged Zheng, causing them to be rude to Jin and even to Chu. The Jin army went to Hanling, and the Qin army went to the south.

In the 30th year of Duke Xi, Duke Wen of Jin and Duke Mu of Qin jointly besieged Zheng State because Zheng State had been rude to Duke Wen of Jin and was subordinate to Jin and Chu at the same time. The Jin army was stationed at Hanling, and the Qin army was stationed south of the Yangtze River.

Yi Zhihu said to Zheng Bo: "The country is in danger. If Zhu Zhiwu is sent to see the Lord of Qin, the army will retreat." The Duke followed. The speech said: "The strength of the minister is not as good as that of others; now he is old and can do nothing." The Duke said: "I could not use the son earlier, and now I am anxious to ask for the son. It is the fault of me. However, when Zheng died, the son There are also disadvantages!" Xu Zhi.

Yi Zhihu said to Zheng Wengong: "The country is in danger. If Zhu Zhiwu is sent to see Qin Mugong, Qin's army will definitely retreat." Zheng Wengong agreed. Zhu Zhiwu declined and said: "When I was in my prime, I was not as good as others; now that I am old, I can't do anything." Zheng Wengong said: "I didn't use you early. Now because the situation is critical, I ask you. This is my It's your fault. However, if the Zheng Kingdom is destroyed, it will not be good for you!" Zhu Zhiwu agreed to this matter.

Zhu Zhiwu retreats from the Qin Division PPT, part five: problem exploration

1. Try to summarize the main chapters of the article in a four-word phrase.

① Qin and Jin besieged Zheng ② Accepted orders in danger

③ Talk about retreating the Qin division ④ Force Jin to retreat

2. How does the text explain the reasons and forms of the Qin and Jin siege of Zheng? How does this relate to the development of the overall story?

The first paragraph of the article explains the reasons why Qin and Jin besieged Zheng with the words "disrespectful to Jin" and "two to Chu", and also uses "Jin army Han Ling, Qin army attacked the south" to explain the offensive situation, implying that Zheng State was in danger. It clarifies the background of Zhu Zhiwu's lobbying of Uncle Qin, and pave the way for the development of the following story.

3. Why was Zhu Zhiwu able to convince Uncle Qin?

Zhu Zhiwu went to persuade Uncle Qin. Although his purpose was to seek peace, he never showed any pity. He took advantage of the contradiction between Qin and Jin, moved it with emotion, explained it with reason, and made people convincing.

(1) Always think about Qin.

First of all, Zhu Zhiwu said straight to the point: "Qin and Jin surrounded Zheng, and Zheng knew that he was dead." He admitted that Zheng was in danger. But Zhu Zhiwu didn't say a word to beg for Zheng Guo. On the contrary, he expressed his position for the sake of Qin by saying, "If Zheng's death would be beneficial to the king, I dare to bother the deacons."

(2) Make full use of the contradiction between Qin and Jin.

Just when Uncle Qin was thinking about the powerful relationship between destroying Zheng and preserving Zheng, Zhu Zhiwu made full use of this opportunity to further analyze for Qin Jun: "The king was given by the king of Jin, and Xu Jun was burnt and flawed, so he came to the aid of the emperor." If you set up a banquet in the evening, you will know it." Taking advantage of the contradiction between Qin and Jin to drive a wedge between the two. These words made Uncle Qin think deeply. Zhu Zhiwu then brought the topic to the future, predicting the future trends of the Jin state: "Why do you hate Jin? We have enfeoffed Zheng in the east, and want to encircle Zheng in the west. If we don't miss Qin, how will we seize it?" He pointed out that the Qin State was greedy and would invade the Qin State after destroying Zheng. The rhetoric touched his sore spot and finally made him decide to change his mind and withdraw his troops to help Zheng.

4. Jin Wengong finally withdrew his troops for three reasons: "unkind", "ignorant" and "not martial". What do you think of Jin Wengong's reasons for withdrawing?

"Unbenevolence" is just a high-sounding excuse. If he were truly benevolent and righteous, he would not send troops to attack Zheng Guo. "Ignorance" is the essence, and "knowledge" is the same as "wisdom", which is the result of calmly analyzing reality and weighing the pros and cons. The outcome of "no force" is unpredictable. In the final analysis, Jin's retreat was a "profit".

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