"Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor and warlords fought" PPT courseware on the Revolution of 1911 and National Awakening

"Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor and warlords fought" PPT courseware on the Revolution of 1911 and National Awakening

Review

The Revolution of 1911 was the first historic change in China that had just entered the 20th century. This revolution not only overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty, but also ended the autocratic monarchy that had ruled China for more than two thousand years and established Asia's first republic. The Revolution of 1911 greatly promoted the ideological emancipation of the Chinese nation, opened the floodgates for China's progress, and explored a path for the progress of the Chinese nation.

Introduction to Yuan Shikai

He is a famous politician and military strategist in modern Chinese history

He actively promoted modernization reforms during the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty

Some people say that he is a "one-man thief" and a "big thief of the country"

He restored the monarchy and served as emperor for 83 days.

During the Revolution of 1911, Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate

Served as interim president of the Republic of China

1. Yuan Shikai’s dictatorship

1. Coming to power: In March 1912, Sun Yat-sen resigned as interim president, and Yuan Shikai took office as interim president in Beijing.

Material: Yuan Shikai's oath of office as interim president.

The construction of the Republic of China has set a good example, and everything is waiting for governance. Shikai is deeply willing to do his best to carry forward the spirit of republic, clean up the filth of autocracy, strictly abide by the Constitution, and follow the wishes of the people to ensure that the country is safe and strong, so that the five major ethnic groups can work together. Zhenleli. If you are willing to do so, you will lead the way. As soon as Congress is convened and the first president is selected, Shikai will be dismissed. I sincerely swear to my compatriots. The tenth day of March in the first year of the Republic of China

Please summarize the main contents of Yuan Shikai's oath in the materials.

Eliminate autocracy and promote a republican spirit.

Yuan Shikai took sole power

Yuan Shikai's measures to monopolize power after taking office as interim president?

Yuan Shikai's dictatorial measures

Politically:

Assassinate Song Jiaoren;

Suppressing the second revolution, Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing fled abroad;

Disband the Kuomintang and hunt down Kuomintang members and democrats;

Seize newspapers and prohibit speech, assembly, and association;

Dissolve Congress, abolish the State Council, and abolish the responsible cabinet;

The "Presidential Election Law" was concocted to make the president a lifelong and hereditary system.

Ideologically: Create public opinion for the restoration, and hold activities such as restoring ancient times, respecting Confucius, and worshiping heaven.

Diplomacy:

Signing contracts without authorization and borrowing money from foreign powers

Surrender to Japan and accept the "Twenty-One Measures" to destroy China.

The Failure of the "Hongxian Monarchy"

Main contents of "Twenty-One"

① Recognize that Japan will inherit all German rights and interests in Shandong, and Shandong Province shall not transfer or lease it to other countries.

② Recognize the privileges of Japanese people to live, travel, operate industry and commerce, and mine in southern Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia.

③ All China’s coastal harbors and islands will not be leased or transferred to other countries.

④The Chinese government hires Japanese as political, military, financial and other consultants.

Which countries' interests have been harmed by "Twenty-One"?

The "Twenty-One" damage to China's rights and interests was serious and wide-ranging, and was called the "Treaty of National Subjugation."

Yuan Shikai restored the monarchy

Time: At the end of 1915, Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, the country was named: Empire of China, and 1916 was designated as the first year of Hongxian.

The inevitability (reasons) of the failure of Yuan Shikai’s empire:

1. Yuan Shikai’s perverse actions went against the trend of historical development of democracy and republic, and were opposed by the people across the country;

2. “Twenty-one Articles” betrayed the country’s interests;

3. The development of the national defense movement;

4. The dissatisfaction of European and American powers.

Result: He restored the monarchy, served as emperor for 83 days, and the Yuan Shikai Group collapsed.

2. Warlord melee

Counting, what were the main warlord factions in the early Republic of China? Then indicate on the map the areas controlled by each warlord.

Anhui warlords (Anhui, Zhejiang, Shandong, Fujian, Shaanxi), Zhili warlords (Hubei, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Zhili), Fengtian warlords (Fengtian, Heilongjiang, Jilin), Yunnan warlords (Yunnan, Guizhou, southern Sichuan) , Shanxi Warlords (Shanxi), Guangxi Warlords (Guangdong, Guangxi, southern Hunan).

From this map, what kind of situation do you feel China was in at that time? Describe it in one word.

There are many warlords, it is divided and unstable.

Reasons for warlord melee:

Direct cause (background): Yuan Shikai died in 1916, and the internal conflicts among the three parts of the Beiyang warlords became prominent.

The main reason: Each major imperialist country supports different warlords to compete for territory, population and dominance.

Class summary

Northern government

Established: After Yuan Shikai became interim president

Governing measures: dictatorship at home and dictatorship abroad.

Yuan Shikai restores the monarchy and protects the country

warlords melee

After Yuan Shikai's death, the Beiyang warlords quickly split into three major factions: the Zhili clique, the Anhui clique, and the Fengcian warlords. They competed fiercely for the central power in Beijing and the territory of the provinces.

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"Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor and fought with warlords" Revolution of 1911 and National Awakening PPT Courseware 2:

"Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor and warlords fought" PPT courseware of the Revolution of 1911 and National Awakening 2 Beiyang Government In 1895, Yuan Shikai began to train a new army for the Qing government. Later, a military group headed by him gradually formed. Because Yuan Shikai served as Beiyang Minister and Zhizhi for a long time...