"World War I" The World and China in the Early 20th Century PPT

"World War I" The World and China in the Early 20th Century PPT

Part One: Factors that prompted the outbreak of World War I

Competition between the two major military groups:

The mutual hostility and competition between the two major military groups in Europe have frequently triggered international crises.

militarism:

European powers believe that war is the last solution to problems, and militaristic arguments are prevalent in some countries.

Extreme nationalism:

European powers incited extreme nationalist sentiments and instilled so-called "patriotism" into the people. The previous competition between the great powers and the incitement of extreme nationalist sentiments plunged Europe into the frenzy of war.

1. Geographical location

The Balkan Peninsula is located in southeastern Europe, at the intersection of Europe, Asia, and Africa. It controls the gateway to the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. Its strategic position is very important and it is the focus of competition among European powers.

2. Ethnic relations and religious beliefs are complex: Arabs, Romans, and Turks have all conquered the area in history, resulting in a multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-racial phenomenon, with many contradictions.

3. Great power competition: After the 19th century, the intervention of great powers and the competition between the two major military groups caused constant small-scale wars in the Balkan Peninsula and became a powder keg in Europe.

Summarize the reasons that led to the outbreak of World War I:

The root cause of World War I: Unbalanced economic and political development of imperialism

Other reasons: seizing colonies; extreme nationalism;

Militarism; fighting for world hegemony, etc.

World War I PPT, Part 2: The Process of World War I

Trigger: Sarajevo incident

In June 1914, Archduke Ferdinand, Crown Prince of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his wife went to Bosnia, newly annexed by Austria, to review military exercises and visited its capital, Sarajevo. On June 28, when the Crown Prince's motorcade passed through the streets of Sarajevo, the 19-year-old Princip rushed out of the crowd and shot Ferdinand and his wife dead. This was the "Sarajevo Incident" that shocked the world and became the fuse of the First World War.

Without Sarajevo, World War I would not have broken out. Is this correct?

This statement is wrong. Without Sarajevo, World War I would have been equally inevitable. The fundamental reason for the outbreak of World War I was the imbalance of political and economic development among imperialism. Under the influence of the law of imbalance, any accidental event may trigger a worldwide war. The events in Sarajevo were the trigger for the outbreak of World War I.

World War I breaks out

(1) The outbreak of the war: On July 28, 1914, the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia. Germany, Russia, France, and Britain were immediately involved in the war, and World War I broke out.

Allied Powers Group: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Ottoman Türkiye

(2) Warring parties: Allied Powers Group: Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium, Japan, the United States, and China

The course of the First World War (three stages)

(1) The first stage: In 1914, the Battle of the Marne River and other battles caused Germany's plan for a quick decisive war to go bankrupt.

(2) The second stage (turning point): In 1916, the Battle of Verdun shifted the strategic initiative of the war to the Allied Powers.

(3) The third stage: In 1917, the United States, China, and Brazil entered the war, strengthening the strength of the Allied Powers. Russia withdrew from the imperialist war, accelerating the end of the war. In 1918, World War I ended with the defeat of the Allies.

Factors that accelerated the end of World War I:

1. Both warring parties are unable to continue the war;

2. Anti-war waves emerged in various countries: The tragedy of the war shattered people's enthusiasm for participating in the station, and anti-war waves emerged in various countries.

3. The strength of the Allied Powers has increased: The United States, which has always adopted a neutral policy, declared war on Germany, and countries such as China and Brazil also declared war on Germany, which greatly enhanced the strength of the Allied Powers;

4. Russia’s “October Socialist Revolution” and withdrawal from World War I;

5. The Allies collapsed: In 1918, the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed and an uprising broke out in Germany.

nature of war

The First World War was a war of plunder and aggression by the great powers and an unjust war.

How to understand that World War I was an unjust war and a predatory war of imperialism?

1. From the perspective of the cause of the war

The inevitable result of the uneven political and economic development of the imperialist countries during the First World War was initiated by the imperialist countries to re-divide the world.

2. Looking at the process of war

The war objectives and demands for the division of territory put forward by the imperialist countries clearly demonstrated the aggressive nature of this war.

3. From the perspective of the victorious country’s treatment of the defeated country

After the war, the colonies of the defeated countries were divided up by the victorious countries, and the defeated countries accepted seriously unequal treaties negotiated and formulated by the victorious countries. The Paris Peace Conference became a spoils-sharing conference for the victorious countries, forming the Versailles system dominated by Britain and France.

World War I PPT, Part 3: After-class exercises

1. In June 1914, an accidental event ignited a war that spread across the world. This accidental event was ()

A. Sarajevo incident

B． Battle of Verdun

C. Parliament arson case

D. Germany raids Poland

2. On June 28, 1914, the Serbian youth Principo assassinated Archduke Ferdinand, the Crown Prince of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his wife. This became the famous Sarajevo incident. Soon, this incident became an excuse for imperialism to launch war, and Principo's good wishes to safeguard national independence were shattered. In 1914, Russia, Germany, Britain, France and other countries declared war one after another, and the First World War broke out. From the Sarajevo incident, we should fully realize ( )

A. War is the only means to safeguard national independence

B． Threats to human peace caused by emergencies

C. In the struggle between the great powers, national independence cannot be achieved

D. Personal wishes and national interests cannot be reconciled

3. In November 1916, Romain Rolland wrote in his Wartime Diary: "Europe is heading towards slavery and destruction. For two years, it has been madly going further and further along this path of disaster." The “rush to slavery and destruction” mentioned here begins with ( )

A. Napoleon came to power

B． The outbreak of World War I

C. Hitler came to power

D. The outbreak of World War II

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