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"World War I" PPT
Part One: World War I
Cause of outbreak
Fundamental reason: Driven by the two industrial revolutions, the economies of major European countries developed rapidly. Capitalist political and economic development is uneven.
Two major military blocs: the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) formed in 1882 and the Triple Entente (Britain, France, and Russia) established in the early 20th century.
①The formation of the Three Kingdoms Alliance
②The formation of the Three Kingdoms Agreement
The formation of the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente
Purpose: Re-divide the world
Constituent countries (core countries)
Triple Alliance (1882): Germany, Austria, Italy (Germany as the core)
Triple Entente (1907): Britain, France, and Russia (Britain as the core)
Nature Imperialist military aggression group
Impact: There is a confrontation between two major military groups in Europe.
The trigger for the outbreak of World War I: June 28, 1914, the Sarajevo Incident (Archduke Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was assassinated by the Serbian Princip)
2. Process
(1) Beginning: On July 28, 1914, the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia. Germany, Russia, France, and Britain were immediately involved in the war, and World War I broke out.
(2) Warring parties: Allied Powers Group: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Ottoman Türkiye
Allied Powers Group: Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Serbia, Belgium, Japan, the United States, and China
(3) Three fronts in Europe: Western Front, Eastern Front, and Southern Front
Eastern route: southern coast of the Baltic Sea to Romania
Russia←→Germany, Austria-Hungary
Western Front: Belgium, northern France and the German-French border
UK, France ←→Germany
Southern Route: Balkans
Serbia←→Austria-Hungary
3. Three stages
(1) Battle of the Marne
Time: September 1914
Warring parties: British and French Allied Forces → German Army
Result: The German army's "quick victory" strategy went bankrupt, and the Western Front entered a stalemate stage.
(2) The Battle of Verdun - the most tragic battle and turning point in World War I
Time: February---December 1916
Warring parties: France→Germany
Overview: Germany dispatched planes, airships and poison gas bombs.
Casualties: more than 700,000 ("Verdun Meat Grinder")
Result: Germany failed and the strategic initiative shifted to the Allies.
(3) In 1917, the United States, China, and Brazil entered the war to strengthen the strength of the Allied Powers. Russia withdrew from the imperialist war and accelerated the end of the war. In 1918, World War I ended with the defeat of the Allies.
The purpose of participating in the war of each major participating country
Germany: seize colonies and compete for world hegemony.
Britain: Ensure dominance and plunder more colonies.
France: Striving to be the hegemon of the European continent.
United States: Collect spoils of war and divide colonial interests.
Serbia: Fighting for National Independence.
4. Nature: An unjust and unprecedented-scale imperialist war launched by Western powers in order to redivide the world and compete for world hegemony.
5. Influence
(1) "World War I" was a war of unprecedented scale that brought heavy disasters such as material losses and human casualties to the people, and objectively promoted the development of science and technology.
(2) Changes in the international landscape: weakening Europe’s power and shaking Europe’s dominant position in the world.
(3) The United States and Russia began to rise; weakening the colonial power of imperialism and promoting the national awakening of colonial and semi-colonial countries.
What did the First World War teach us?
1. War brings disaster to mankind. We must cherish peace and oppose war.
2. Use peaceful means to resolve international disputes.
3. Technology is a double-edged sword. We must seek advantages and avoid disadvantages.
World War I PPT, Part 2: High School Entrance Examination Link
1. When talking about the situation in Europe before World War I, an American historian said: Europe had become a "tinderbox", just waiting for a spark to detonate it. This spark is ( )
A. Oiled bullet incident B. Parliament arson incident
C. Boston Tea Party d. Sarajevo incident
2. The outbreak of World War I made people all over the world deeply feel the cruelty of war. Please point out the battle known as the "meat grinder" in World War I ( )
A. Battle of Saratoga B. Battle of Ayacucho
C. Battle of Waterloo D. Battle of Verdun
3. Which of the following statements about World War I is correct ( )
A. The root cause is the Sarajevo incident
B. China participated in the war on the side of the Allies
C. New achievements of the second technological revolution are used on the battlefield
D. The just side wins the final victory in the war
5. Before the outbreak of World War I, Italy joined the Allied Powers; after the outbreak of World War I, Italy joined the Allied Powers to fight. The essential issue reflected by this is ( )
A. Italy is capricious and has no credibility
B． The Allies were fighting a just war.
C. The Allies were sure of victory from the start
D. All relations between imperialist countries are based on interests
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