"World War I" PPT courseware 2

"World War I" PPT courseware 2

Observe carefully

Comparing the economic and political development conditions between the major imperialist countries in the mid-19th century and the early 20th century, what changes and problems have you discovered?

Unbalanced economic development: The United States and Germany catch up from behind and overtake Britain and France

The imbalance of imperialist political and economic development leads to the demands of later imperialist countries

Redividing colonies and competing for world hegemony

Uneven political development:

The ratio of each country's colonies to its economic power is inverted

1. Geographical location: The Balkan Peninsula is located in southeastern Europe, at the intersection of Europe, Asia, and Africa. It controls the gateway to the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. Its strategic position is very important and it is the focus of competition among European powers.

2. Ethnic relations and religious beliefs are complex: Arabs, Romans, and Turks have all conquered the area in history, resulting in a multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-racial phenomenon, with many contradictions.

3. Competition between great powers: After the 19th century, the intervention of great powers and the competition between two major military groups led to constant small-scale wars in the Balkan Peninsula and became a powder keg in Europe.

Sarajevo incident

Reason: Archduke Ferdinand, Crown Prince of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, reviewed military exercises held in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. The exercise used Serbia as the imaginary enemy, which aroused the national resistance of the Serbian people.

Main process: On June 28, 1914, Serbian youth Princip assassinated Archduke Ferdinand and his wife, Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary, in Sarajevo.

Impact: Became the trigger for the outbreak of World War I.

1. Reasons for the outbreak of World War I

The economic and political development of imperialism is uneven, and the emerging imperialist countries demand to redivide their colonies and compete for world hegemony.

(root cause)

The contradictions and struggles between the two major military groups

(specific reason)

Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy, Austria

Triple Entente: Britain, France, and Russia

Sarajevo incident (direct cause)

Why did the United States enter the war at this time?

What were the events that hastened the end of the war?

①Russia’s “October Socialist Revolution”

②The United States’ entry into the war

③Revolutionary movements in various belligerent countries (fundamental reasons)

Think: What conclusions can you draw from Russia's withdrawal from the war and the end of the Great War?

2. The expansion and end of World War I

China joined the Allied Powers in 1917

The United States joined the Allied Powers in April 1917

The Allied bloc failed on November 11, 1918

On November 11, 1918, German representatives signed the "Armistice Agreement in the Compiègne Forest" in the train carriage of Marshal Foch in France, and Germany announced its surrender.

revelation

1. Love peace and stay away from war

2. Cherish life and oppose terrorism

3. Oppose hegemonism and safeguard world peace

Maintaining world peace is the responsibility of all mankind. Let us all defend peace!

practise

1.The nature of World War I is ( )

A national liberation movement B anti-feudal struggle

C anti-fascist war D imperialist war

2. Which of the following did not belong to the Allies in World War I ( )

AGermany BAustro-Hungarian Empire CItaly DUnited Kingdom

3. Which of the following events poses a serious threat to world peace ( )

A. Lincoln’s assassination B. Southern Anhui Incident

C. Sarajevo incident D. Indonesian tsunami

1. World War I

(1) Reason: Unbalanced economic and political development of imperialism.

(2) Two major military blocs (Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy; Triple Entente: Russia, France, and Britain)

(3) Trigger: Sarajevo Incident (1914)

(4) Start: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

(5) The turning point of World War I: The Battle of Verdun (known as the Verdun Meat Grinder)

(6) End: The Allies were defeated and surrendered on November 11, 1918

(7) Nature: It is an unjust imperialist war of plunder

(8) Impact:

① It was the first war of unprecedented scale in human history, which brought serious disasters to people of all countries.

② It changed the balance of power among the imperialist countries, causing the decline of Europe and the rise of the United States and Japan, and laying the foundation for the outbreak of World War II.

③ Create conditions for socialist revolution and promote national liberation movements and revolutions in various countries.

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