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Authoritative PPT Summary
"Western European Manor" PPT
Part One: Teaching Objectives
1. Know that the Western European manor is a new form of agricultural economic organization.
2. Understand the exploitation methods of Western European manors and the basic characteristics of the manor structure.
3. Understand the role of the manor court.
Teaching focus: Structural characteristics of Western European manors.
Teaching difficulty: The role of manorial courts.
Western European Manor PPT, Part 2: Lords and Tenants of the Manor
1. The rise of the manor
Starting from the 9th century, a new form of agricultural economic organization gradually became popular, which was the manor. By about the 11th century, manors spread across Europe. Since then, the vast majority of Europe's population has lived on estates.
2.Manor
Under the rule of the seigneur, the manor was an independent self-sufficient economic and political unit. The residents of the manor were all tenants of the lord, including free peasants and serfs who lacked freedom.
3. Direct territories and allotments
Direct land - reserved by the lord himself and operated directly, called "direct land", usually accounts for 1/3 to 1/2 of the total arable land of the manor, and all income belongs to the lord.
Allotment - the remaining cultivated land is the tenant's "allotment" and is the tenant's source of livelihood. The condition for tenants to obtain land is that they are obliged to cultivate the lord's "direct land". Generally, they have to work on the direct land for three days a week, and the remaining time belongs to them. The lord also levied other taxes from his tenants.
4. What are the characteristics of Western European manors?
1. A manor is an independent, self-sufficient economic and political unit.
2. Serfs were attached to their feudal lords and lacked personal freedom.
3. Free peasants were independent small producers who owned their own production tools and property, and had tenure rights to their land. Lords could not confiscate their land at will.
Western European Manor PPT, Part 3: Manor Court
The manor also had judicial power, with a manorial court, presided over by the lord or his steward. Tenants who infringed on the interests of the lord by slacking off in their labor, failing to complete their labor, or failing to pay the full amount of taxes as required would be prosecuted and punished.
Exploration 1
Work in groups to find out who presided over the manor court, its rules, functions, punishment methods, trial habits and significance.
Presiding officer: lord or lord steward;
Regulations: Any act that infringes upon the interests of the lord will be prosecuted and punished;
Role: Maintain public order in the manor;
Punishment methods: imposition of fines;
Trial customs: customary law or village law;
Significance: The manor court not only safeguarded the interests of the lord, but also limited the lord's privileges to a certain extent.
Exploration 2
What are the characteristics of a manorial court?
1. Generally, a court session is held every once in a while to solve a batch of problems.
2. The location of the court session is not fixed. Sometimes it is in the hall of the lord's mansion, sometimes in the church, sometimes under the big tree in the manor.
3. The means of punishing various illegal acts is usually the imposition of fines. All fines belong to the lord, and the trial is based on customary law or village law.
Exploration 3
Compare the similarities and differences between farmers in Western European manors and farmers in ancient Chinese society.
The same thing: they are all independent small producers, own their own production tools and property; live a self-sufficient life; they are all exploited by feudal lords.
Differences: Peasants in Western European manors were mainly exploited by their lords in the form of labor; while farmers in ancient China mainly paid rent to landlords in the form of physical rent. The land rights of farmers in Western Europe are protected by courts. Tenants can use courts to safeguard their rights and interests. There is a contractual relationship between lords and tenants. However, farmers in ancient China had almost no land and were extremely dependent on landlords.
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"Western European Manor" PPT courseware download:
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"Western European Manor" PPT courseware:
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