"War and National Exchanges" Clash and Integration of Civilizations PPT Courseware 3

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"War and National Exchanges" Clash and Integration of Civilizations PPT Courseware 3

1. The Greco-Persian War

1. Cause: Persia expanded westward and invaded Greece

2. Battle Example: Battle of Marathon (490 BC)

Result: Greece beats more with less

3. Impact: (1) For the Greek city-states, they defeated the powerful enemies in the eastern Mediterranean and obtained a favorable development environment. As a result, the social economy, culture and art entered a period of comprehensive prosperity. If Persia wins, Greek civilization may be interrupted, and the development path of Western civilization may be rewritten.

(2) For the city-state of Athens, due to its main role in the war, Athens prospered after the war and became the largest handicraft and commercial center in the Mediterranean region, and its status among the states rose. Its prosperity is specifically reflected in: [Economy] Victory in the war opened up markets and financial resources for Athens, becoming the commercial and trade center of Greek states and the Mediterranean. [Military] The Athenian army was brave and good at fighting, especially the navy, which established maritime hegemony and even surpassed Sparta's status as a military power in Greece. [Politics] The strong economy and strong military status have given Athens a stable social environment. Athens' democratic politics has been fully developed, providing favorable development space for Greece's economic and cultural prosperity.

2. Alexander’s Eastern Expeditions

Alexander (reigned 336 BC - 323 BC), King of Macedonia, was influenced by Greek culture since childhood, and especially worshiped the hero Axilis in the "Iliad". Since the age of 16, he has been fighting with his father and marching south. At the age of 18, he commanded the right wing of the Macedonian army and defeated the Greek coalition. After succeeding to the throne two years later, he organized the eastern invasion as the supreme commander of the Macedonian and Greek coalition forces. After ten years of fierce fighting, Alexander's empire was established across Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Study of historical materials:

Macedonia was a kingdom in the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula. After Philip II succeeded to the throne in 359 BC, he carried out a revolutionary transformation of the Macedonian army. Relying on this powerful armed force, Philip defeated the Greek alliance led by Athens at the Battle of Cheronea in 338 BC, establishing Macedonia's hegemony in Greece in one fell swoop. In 336 BC, Philip was assassinated and Alexander, who was only twenty years old, became king of Macedonia. Thinking that he was too young to be bullied, the Greek countries rebelled one after another and formed an anti-Macedonian alliance led by Athens. After Alexander learned about it, he immediately led his army on a forced march day and night to the gates of Athens. Alexander arrived so quickly that the Greek countries had not yet mobilized for the war and had no troops to use, so they had to sign an alliance under the city walls. Alexander then convened a congress of representatives of various Greek countries to discuss the plan to conquer Persia. At the meeting, Alexander was elected as the generalissimo of the Greek Alliance and presided over the war against Persia.

What was the nature of Alexander's expeditions?

Although Alexander had high-sounding reasons for his crusade against Persia, its essence was still a war of plunder, which caused huge disasters to the people of the East. Alexander's army was far from a benevolent and righteous army. Therefore, the Eastern Expedition was an unjust and aggressive war.

What was the impact of Alexander's expeditions?

① Promoted economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West; expanded the scope of the known world of various nations, accelerated the process of human history from dispersion to integration; gave birth to a civilization that mixed Greek and Eastern elements. ② It brought the disaster of war and slavery to the people in the conquered areas.

3. Rome’s conquest of the Mediterranean

Self-learning

Talk about when did Rome start launching wars of conquest? What was the process and result?

Time: 3rd century BC; Route: Italian Peninsula → Carthage → Macedonia → Spain → Greece → Western Asia; Result: Mediterranean hegemon, spanning three continents.

Collaborative inquiry: How should we understand the Roman conquest of the Eastern Mediterranean?

(1) Social and economic aspects

Rome's military victory captured a large amount of land and wealth, especially a large number of prisoners of war who became Roman slaves, which provided sufficient manpower, material and financial resources for Rome's economic development, promoted Rome's social and economic development, and expanded overseas trade. The city of Rome became the most important commodity distribution center in the Mediterranean.

(2) Municipal construction: Rome has developed municipal construction.

(3) Cultural life: Roman culture and lifestyle spread throughout the empire

Rome conquered the Mediterranean region and widely accepted the influence of Greek culture. The development of the slave economy created material conditions for Rome to establish its own style of culture.

summary:

Greco-Persian War

Greece wins, boosts development

Alexander's Eastern Expeditions

Promote connections between the East and the West; promote cultural exchanges and integration between the East and the West

Rome conquers the Mediterranean

Economic and cultural exchanges between various places in Rome are active

After class interest discussion:

What positive and negative impacts did ancient wars have on the development of human history?

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"War and National Exchanges" Clash and Integration of Civilizations PPT Courseware 2:

"War and National Interactions" Clash and Integration of Civilizations PPT Courseware 2 Read the introduction to the third unit and think about the answers: 1. How many ways are there for civilizations to communicate? 2. Find examples of each type of civilized interaction from the introduction. 1. The Greco-Persian War 1. Cause? 2. Time? 3. End..

"War and National Exchanges" PPT courseware on the collision and integration of civilizations:

"War and National Interactions" Clash and Integration of Civilizations PPT Courseware Learning Objectives: 1. Through inductive comparison, understand the basic historical facts of the Greco-Persian War, Alexander's Eastern Expedition, and Rome's conquest of the Mediterranean world. 2. Analyze and understand the positive and negative effects of war..

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

This template belongs to History courseware East China Normal University Edition Ninth Grade History Volume 1 industry PPT template

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