"Utilization and Protection of Metal Resources" Metal and Metal Materials PPT Courseware 3

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"Utilization and Protection of Metal Resources" Metal and Metal Materials PPT Courseware 3

The existence form of metal

Elemental substance: A few metals with relatively inactive chemical properties, such as gold, silver, copper, etc.

Compounds: Metals with more active chemical properties, such as iron, aluminum, zinc, sodium and calcium, etc.

1. Smelting of iron

1. Laboratory use of carbon monoxide to reduce iron oxide

reaction principle

Fe2O3 +3CO ===2Fe +3CO2

Experimental steps:

①.Assemble the instrument as shown below and check its air tightness.

②Put a small amount of finely ground iron oxide powder into a hard glass tube.

③Insert the hard glass tube into the device system, and first introduce carbon monoxide gas to remove the air to prevent carbon monoxide and air from mixing and heating and exploding. Light the alcohol lamp at the air outlet (or collect it with a balloon) to prevent carbon monoxide from polluting the air. After it is drained, light the alcohol blowtorch and observe the changes that occur in the device.

④When the reddish-brown powder has turned into black, stop heating, and then add carbon monoxide for a while until the glass tube cools down to prevent Fe from being oxidized.

What should we pay attention to during operation?

Pass CO first and then turn on the light

The reason for venting first and then tapping is to prevent the heated mixture of carbon monoxide and air from exploding.

First extinguish the alcohol lamp and then stop passing CO

After the experiment, the reason for turning off the lights first and then stopping the gas is to prevent the outside air from entering the glass tube after the temperature drops and causing the iron to be re-oxidized; and to prevent the lime water in the test tube from being sucked back into the hot glass tube and causing it to burst.

2.Industrial ironmaking:

Raw materials: iron ore, coke, limestone, air

⑴Principle:

Coke reacts with O2 under high temperature conditions to generate CO, which is used as a reducing agent to reduce the iron in the iron ore under high temperature conditions.

Chemical equation for the reaction:

Fe2O3+3CO===2Fe+3CO2

CO is a reducing agent; Fe2O3 is an oxidizing agent

⑵Equipment: Ironmaking blast furnace

Fe2O3+3CO===2Fe+3CO2

CO2+C===2CO

C + O2 === CO2

3. Calculation of chemical equations for substances containing impurities:

In actual production, the raw materials or products used generally contain impurities. When calculating materials and output, impurities should be taken into consideration.

When listing proportions, be sure to use scalar quantities.

The relationship between impure substances, pure substances, and purity:

m(pure) = m(impure)×purity

m(impure) = m(pure) ÷ purity

Protection of metal resources

Information 1: Based on the proven reserves and current consumption rate of some minerals, some people estimate that the number of years some minerals can be mined is as shown in the figure below.

Information 2: According to relevant reports, the metal equipment and materials scrapped due to corrosion every year in the world are equivalent to 20%-40% of the annual output.

1. What does the shortage of metal resources mean to the development of human society?

2. What are the conditions for metal corrosion? How to embalm?

3. How to protect metal resources?

Main measures to prevent iron corrosion:

①Keep the steel surface clean and dry.

② Metal plating protective layer: such as tin plating, zinc plating, chromium plating, etc.; galvanized tinplate, tin plating, steel ring plating with chrome and nickel.

③ Apply non-metallic protective layer: such as spraying paint, applying anti-rust oil, burning enamel on the surface of basins and cups, and wrapping the steel surface with rubber or plastic.

④ Formation of oxide film protective layer: Ferrous oxide is formed on the holster and blue is formed on the saw blade.

⑤ Add metal or non-metal to steel to form corrosion-resistant alloy: such as stainless steel (add Cr, Ni)

How to protect metal resources?

1. Prevent metal corrosion, 2. Recycle metal,

3. Mining minerals rationally, 4. Looking for metal substitutes.

1. Can the following substances react? Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs.

(1) Mercury and dilute hydrochloric acid (2) Aluminum and copper sulfate solution

(3) Silver and zinc sulfate solution (4) Zinc and silver nitrate solution

(5) Sodium and dilute sulfuric acid

2. Answer the following questions:

(1) Why do iron products in desert areas corrode more slowly?

(2) Why does the knife used to cut salted fish rust quickly without being washed and wiped dry?

(3) Why must a bicycle that has been wet by rain be wiped with a dry cloth before being wiped with an oily cloth?

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

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