"Use a microscope to observe the living world around you (1)" Tiny World PPT Courseware 3

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"Use a microscope to observe the living world around you (1)" Tiny World PPT Courseware 3

The invention of the microscope made it possible to observe very small objects as well as the fine structures of objects.

Have you heard of cells? What do we know about cells?

We also use microscopes to observe living organisms to see if we can observe cells.

Understanding microscope objectives

Microscopes generally have three objective lenses, namely low magnification, high magnification and oil lens.

Use an oil lens for observation. Generally, add a drop of oil and directly immerse the oil lens into the oil drop for microscopic observation.

Identification of low magnification, high magnification and oil lens:

(1) Indicate the magnification 10×, 40×, 100×, or 10/0.25, 40/0.65, 100/1.30.

(2) The low-power lens is the shortest, the high-power lens is longer, and the oil lens is the longest.

(3) The lens hole in front of the lens is the largest for low-power lenses, larger for high-power lenses, and smallest for oil lenses.

(4) Oil lenses are often engraved with a black ring, or the word "oil".

How to use a microscope correctly

1. Hold the mirror arm with one hand and support the mirror base with the other hand. Place the microscope on a flat table facing the light;

2. Turn the converter and turn the low-magnification objective lens under the lens barrel;

3. Adjust the reflector under the stage and look down from the eyepiece to see a bright aperture;

4. Adjust the coarse focus screw to lift the lens barrel so that the low-magnification objective lens is about 2 to 3 cm away from the stage. Place the specimen you want to observe on the stage and clamp it with a clamp so that the specimen is exactly in the center of the light hole on the stage;

5. Adjust the focusing screw and lower the lens barrel so that the low-magnification objective lens is just above the specimen;

6. Look down from the eyepiece, adjust the focus screw, slowly lift the lens barrel until the specimen appears in the field of view, and adjust the light so that you can see the specimen as clearly as possible;

7. Move the slide slowly and observe each part of the specimen. Note that the direction of movement is exactly opposite to the direction seen through the eyepiece.

Microscope maintenance

The microscope must be kept clean at all times to prevent oil and dust from adhering to it. If the lens is dirty, wipe it gently with lens cleaning paper. If there is any oil stain, first dip the lens cleaning paper in a little xylene and wipe it off.

When observing fresh specimens, a cover slip must be added to prevent the specimen from drying and deforming due to evaporation or from contaminating and corroding the objective lens. At the same time, the surface of the specimen can be evened and the light can be concentrated, which is conducive to observation.

Make a slide specimen

1. Put a drop of water in the middle of a clean glass slide

2. Use tweezers to place the removed onion epidermis in the center of the water drop on the glass slide. Note that the specimen should be unfolded flat and not folded.

3. Cover the specimen with a coverslip (or another glass slide) at an angle. When placing the coverslip, place one end first, and then slowly lower the other end. Be careful not to leave any air bubbles.

4. Drop a drop of dilute iodine from the edge of the specimen, tilt the slide slightly, and then use absorbent paper to absorb the excess water.

practise

1. Fill in the blanks.

1. Place a drop ( ) in the center of a clean glass slide.

2. Use a blade to lightly score a ( ) on the inner surface of the onion, and use ( ) to remove the onion skin.

3. Place the torn off onion skin in ( ) clean water, making sure to spread it flat.

4. Then cover the onion skin with ( ) at an angle, being careful not to create ( ) between the slides.

5. Finally, use ( ) to take a few drops of ( ), and use ( ) to absorb the excess dye solution. The onion slide specimen is completed.

judge

1. Put the whole onion under the microscope, and we can directly observe its fine structure. ( )

2. If the eyepiece and objective lens are marked "10X, 16X" respectively; then the image will be magnified 160 times ( )

3. Leeuwenhoek, the maker of the first microscope, was the first to discover cells. ( )

4. The direction in which the slide moves is consistent with the direction in which the object image seen through the eyepiece moves ( )

5. By adjusting the reflector under the stage, the brightness of the specimen in the eyepiece can be increased. ( )

6. If the mirror surface of the eyepiece or objective lens is dirty, use lens cleaning paper instead of wiping it directly with your hands. ( )

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Update Time: 2024-12-01

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