"Unit Improvement" Understanding Rights and Obligations PPT Courseware

"Unit Improvement" Understanding Rights and Obligations PPT Courseware

Exploring important and difficult points

civil rights

Civil rights provide guarantees for us to pursue a dignified life and achieve happiness in life.

★Basic rights of citizens

As a citizen of the country, you enjoy the civil rights confirmed by the constitution and law. The so-called civil rights refer to certain rights and interests confirmed and granted to citizens by the constitution and law. Such rights and interests are protected by the state and have material guarantees. Since the civil rights stipulated in the Constitution are the most important and fundamental rights of citizens, they are called basic rights of citizens.

(1) What are the basic rights of citizens stipulated in our country’s constitution?

① Political rights and freedoms, including the right to vote and be elected, political freedom and supervision rights, etc. ② Personal freedom, including personal freedom from infringement, personal dignity from infringement, residence from infringement, freedom of communication and confidentiality of communication protected by law. ③Socioeconomic and cultural and educational rights, including property rights, labor rights, material assistance rights, education rights, and cultural rights. ④ The right to equality, freedom of religious belief and other rights, and the rights of specific groups such as women, children and the disabled are specially protected by the constitution and law.

★There are limits to the exercise of rights

Xiaogang passed by a photo studio and accidentally discovered that his photo was hung at the door to solicit business. In anger, he insulted and abused the photo studio owner in WeChat Moments, which was retweeted in large numbers. When the public security organs found him, he said: "This is my freedom of speech, I am exercising my rights." The police officers told him: "It is wrong for you to exercise your rights like this."

(2) How should citizens exercise their rights correctly?

① Citizens must respect the legitimate rights and interests of others when exercising their rights. ② When exercising their rights, citizens shall not harm the interests of the country, society and the collective. ③Exercise rights within the scope permitted by law. ④Exercise rights in legal ways.

★Maintain rights and follow procedures

On August 30, 2019, He and Huang went to a company in Liulin Town, Enyang District, Bazhong City, Sichuan Province to ask for wages but failed. He turned off the power switch of his company's office building, causing the company to be without power for more than an hour. , unable to work normally. After the company restored power supply, He and Huang climbed to the edge of the roof of the company's office building and threatened, "If they don't get paid, they won't come down, and they will jump off the roof." Later, under the persuasion of the Liulin Police Station, they He and Huang just came down from the roof.

(3) How should He and others ask for their salary correctly? Please give me some advice.

He and others should first negotiate with the company that owed wages; if the negotiation fails, they can engage in mediation or go to an arbitration institution for arbitration; when these methods are ineffective, they can file a lawsuit in the People's Court to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.

【Method Guidance】

(1) Review materials: He and others in the case did not protect their legitimate rights and interests through the correct channels and methods.

(2) The interrogator asked: Why did a certain person ask for wages and help?

(3) Knowledge link: safeguard rights and follow procedures.

[Knowledge summary]

1. What do citizens’ political rights and freedoms include? What is their significance?

(1) Content: The right to vote and be elected, political freedom and supervision rights, etc.

(2) Significance: ① The right to vote and the right to be elected is a basic political right of citizens, and the exercise of this right is the basis for citizens to participate in managing the country and managing society. ② Citizens enjoy political freedom, which helps citizens participate in national political life and fully express their wishes. ③Citizens' exercise of supervision rights through various channels and forms in accordance with the law helps state agencies and their staff to exercise their powers in accordance with the law and serve the people wholeheartedly.

2. What is personal freedom? What does it include? What is its significance?

(1) Meaning: Personal freedom refers to the freedom of citizens from illegal infringement.

(2) Content: Personal freedom shall not be violated, personal dignity shall not be violated, residence shall not be violated, freedom of communication and confidentiality of communication shall be protected by law.

(3) Significance: Personal freedom is the most basic and important right of citizens. Only when personal freedom is guaranteed can citizens live independently, freely and with dignity.

3. What are the socio-economic, cultural and educational rights?

Property rights, labor rights, material assistance rights, education rights, and cultural rights.

4. How should citizens exercise their rights in accordance with the law?

(1) Any right has scope. Citizens cannot exercise their rights beyond their own limits and cannot abuse their rights.

(2) When citizens exercise their freedoms and rights, they must not harm the interests of the country, society, and the collective, or the legitimate freedoms and rights of other citizens.

(3) Citizens should exercise their rights in accordance with legal procedures and in accordance with prescribed activity methods, steps and processes. Complying with due procedures is conducive to citizens actually enjoying their rights and effectively avoiding and resolving disputes.

5. What are the ways to safeguard rights?

(1) Negotiation is a way for parties to resolve disputes on their own. In some common consumer, labor disputes and traffic accident disputes, the parties can directly talk to clarify responsibilities, reach an agreement and resolve disputes on the basis of voluntariness, mutual understanding and in accordance with the law.

(2) Mediation is a way to resolve disputes through mediation organizations. Based on national laws, regulations, policies and social ethics, the mediator guides and persuades the parties to the dispute, prompting them to understand each other, negotiate, voluntarily reach an agreement, and resolve the dispute. The main mediation methods in my country include people's mediation, administrative mediation and judicial mediation.

(3) Arbitration is a method of resolving disputes through arbitration institutions. Citizens may apply for arbitration when contract disputes or other property rights disputes arise between them and other individuals or organizations. The parties voluntarily submit their disputes to arbitration in accordance with the arbitration agreement entered into between them and are bound by the arbitration award.

(4) Litigation is a way to resolve disputes through the People's Court. Citizens can file lawsuits in the People's Court to safeguard their rights and interests in accordance with the law. When citizens encounter disputes over personal or property relations, they can file civil lawsuits with the People's Court; citizens can file criminal private prosecutions with the People's Court for certain acts that infringe upon their personal or property rights; citizens who believe that the administrative actions of administrative agencies have infringed upon their own rights rights and interests, you can file an administrative lawsuit with the People's Court.

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