"Unit Improvement" Adhere to the supremacy of the Constitution PPT courseware

"Unit Improvement" Adhere to the supremacy of the Constitution PPT courseware

Exploring important and difficult points

uphold the authority of the constitution

Our country's constitution is a guarantee of citizens' rights, a general charter for governing the country and ensuring national security, and a concentrated expression of the will of the party and the people. Maintaining the authority of the Constitution is an important guarantee for safeguarding the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people and ensuring the long-term peace and stability of the country.

★State power belongs to the people

Our country's constitution clearly stipulates: "All power in the People's Republic of China belongs to the people." Our country is a socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship, and all power in the country belongs to the people. This is a basic principle of our Constitution.

(1) How does our country’s constitution realize the constitutional principle that all power belongs to the people?

①The Constitution confirms the nature of our country and clarifies the people’s status as masters of the country. ②The socialist economic system stipulated in the Constitution has laid the economic foundation that state power belongs to the people. ③The socialist political system stipulated in the Constitution clarifies the basic ways and forms for the people to exercise state power. ④The Constitution stipulates a wide range of basic citizens' rights and provides safeguards for the realization of citizens' basic rights. ⑤The Constitution stipulates that the national armed forces belong to the people.

★The state respects and protects human rights

China has actively responded to the United Nations' Vienna Declaration and Program of Action, and has successively formulated and implemented the National Human Rights Action Plan (2009-2010), the National Human Rights Action Plan (2012-2015), and the National Human Rights Action Plan (2016-2020). )", determine the phased goals and tasks for respecting and protecting human rights. The country has also formulated special action plans in the economic, cultural, social and environmental aspects, as well as special plans to protect the rights of specific groups such as ethnic minorities, women, children, the elderly and the disabled, striving to promote the enjoyment of full human rights by all people.

(2) What measures has our country taken in an effort to promote the enjoyment of full human rights by all people?

① Our country’s Constitution stipulates a wide range of basic rights enjoyed by citizens. The law further clarifies the specific rights enjoyed by citizens and stipulates the legal liability for infringement of rights. ② Administrative agencies should establish awareness of respecting and protecting human rights in the process of law enforcement. ③Supervisory agencies shall independently exercise supervisory powers in accordance with legal provisions, strengthen supervision of all public officials who exercise public power, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. ④ Judicial organs and procuratorial organs independently exercise judicial and procuratorial powers in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and laws to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. ⑤ The state strengthens publicity and education on the rule of law, promotes the spirit of the socialist rule of law, builds a socialist rule of law culture, enhances the concept of the rule of law among all people, forms a law-abiding atmosphere and habit for all people, and strives to turn human rights ideals into reality.

(3) Analyze and comment on the above figure from the perspective of organizing national institutions.

① All power in our country belongs to the people, and the People’s Congress is the organ through which the people exercise state power. The National People's Congress and local people's congresses at all levels are elected democratically, are responsible to the people, and are subject to supervision by the people; the state administrative organs, supervisory organs, judicial organs, and procuratorial organs are all elected by the People's Congress, are responsible to it, and are subject to it. supervision. ②The Constitution makes the operation of state power stable and orderly by organizing national institutions, granting specific powers to national institutions, and clarifying the composition, tenure, working methods, etc. of national institutions. ③From the perspective of the principles of organization and work of state institutions: Our country's state institutions implement the principle of democratic centralism. In terms of the relationship between state institutions and the people, state power comes from the people, and state power organs are elected by the people. State power organs occupy the highest position among state institutions. Dominant position; in terms of the relationship between the central and local state agencies, the division of powers between the central and local state agencies follows the principle of giving full play to local initiative and enthusiasm under the unified leadership of the central government; when making decisions and decisions within state agencies , implement democratic centralism.

★Standardize the operation of power

After an official finished his complicated work, he asked the driver to drive him to the hotel to chat with friends. Later, in order to have fun with his family, he asked the driver to drive him to a scenic spot; a cadre took advantage of his position to get promoted. A daughter in college switched to a popular major; a bank president took advantage of his position to help a private enterprise obtain a high-dollar loan and demanded interest from the company's operator; a director took advantage of his authority to apply for low-income loans for relatives and friends who did not meet the conditions. To protect and seek "welfare"... What people think is human behavior is actually a manifestation of the abuse of power and the private use of public power; incidents that appear to be imperceptible actually cover up the dark side of life. Hidden corruption issues.

(4) Based on the above materials, talk about the necessity of regulating the operation of power.

① Power is a double-edged sword. If used well, it can benefit the people; if it is abused, it will breed corruption and cause endless harm. We must strengthen restrictions and supervision on the exercise of power, let the people supervise power, let power operate in the sun, and put power in a cage of the system. ② Regulating the operation of state power to protect citizens’ rights is the core value pursuit of the Constitution.

【Method Guidance】

(1) Review materials: In real life, there is a phenomenon of private use of public power.

(2) Interrogation questions: Explain the necessity of regulating the operation of power based on the materials.

(3) Knowledge link: regulate the operation of power.

[Knowledge summary]

1. How does the Constitution ensure that state power belongs to the people?

(1) The Constitution confirms our country’s national nature and clarifies the people’s status as masters of the country.

(2) The socialist economic system stipulated in the Constitution lays the economic foundation that state power belongs to the people.

(3) The socialist political system stipulated in the Constitution clarifies the basic ways and forms for the people to exercise state power.

(4) The Constitution stipulates a wide range of basic citizens' rights and provides safeguards for the realization of citizens' basic rights.

(5) The Constitution stipulates that the national armed forces belong to the people.

2. How should the country respect and protect human rights?

(1) Respecting and protecting human rights are basic requirements for legislative activities. Our country's constitution stipulates a wide range of basic rights enjoyed by citizens, and the law further clarifies the specific rights enjoyed by citizens and stipulates the legal liability for infringement of rights.

(2) Administrative agencies should establish the awareness of respecting and protecting human rights in the process of law enforcement, strictly standardize, fair and civilized law enforcement, adhere to administration in accordance with the constitution, administration in accordance with the law, and streamline administration and delegate powers.

(3) Supervisory agencies independently exercise supervisory powers in accordance with legal provisions, strengthen supervision of all public officials who exercise public power, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens.

(4) Judicial organs and procuratorial organs must independently exercise judicial and procuratorial powers in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and laws, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens.

(5) The state strengthens publicity and education on the rule of law, promotes the spirit of the socialist rule of law, builds a socialist rule of law culture, enhances the concept of the rule of law among all people, forms a law-abiding atmosphere and habit for all people, and strives to turn human rights ideals into reality.

3. In what aspects are the national institutions of constitutional organization manifested?

(1) All power in our country belongs to the people. The People's Congress is the organ through which the people exercise state power. The National People's Congress and local people's congresses at all levels are elected democratically, are responsible to the people, and are subject to supervision by the people; the state administrative organs, supervisory organs, judicial organs, and procuratorial organs are all elected by the People's Congress, are responsible to it, and are subject to it. supervision.

(2) The Constitution makes the operation of state power stable and orderly by organizing national institutions, granting specific powers to national institutions, and clarifying the composition, tenure, working methods, etc. of national institutions. State institutions exercise their powers in accordance with the Constitution to realize and safeguard the fundamental interests of the people.

(3) The state institutions of the People's Republic of China implement the principle of democratic centralism.

4. What are the main aspects of the implementation of the principle of democratic centralism in our country’s national institutions?

(1) In terms of the relationship between state institutions and the people, state power comes from the people, and state power organs are elected by the people. State power organs occupy a dominant position in state institutions.

(2) In terms of the relationship between the central and local state agencies, the division of powers between the central and local state agencies follows the principle of giving full play to local initiative and enthusiasm under the unified leadership of the central government.

(3) Implement democratic centralism when making decisions and decisions within state agencies.

5. Why does our country’s constitution regulate the exercise of power?

(1) Power is a double-edged sword. If used well, it can benefit the people; if it is abused, it will breed corruption and cause endless harm. We must strengthen restrictions and supervision on the exercise of power, let the people supervise power, let power operate in the sun, and put power in a cage of the system.

(2) Regulating the operation of state power to protect citizens’ rights is the core value pursuit of the Constitution.

6. How does our country’s constitution regulate the exercise of power?

(1) State power must be exercised within the scope limited by the constitution and law. The exercise of power by state agencies should have a legal basis, and they cannot exercise power beyond their authority or abuse power. Any behavior that exceeds authority or abuses authority shall bear legal responsibility.

(2) The people delegate state power to state organs through the constitution and laws. For state organs and their staff, power means responsibility, and responsibilities must be borne. Powers must be exercised and duties performed in accordance with the law, and there must be no slacking off or shirk.

(3) The Constitution and laws also stipulate the procedures for the exercise of state power, requiring that state power must be exercised strictly in accordance with legal channels and methods. Any act of exercising power that does not follow legal procedures is illegal.

(4) The exercise of state power cannot be arbitrary, legal duties must be fulfilled, and it cannot be done without authorization by law. Only by regulating the operation of power in accordance with the law can we ensure that the power given by the people is always used to benefit the people.

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