"Unit Learning Tasks" (Unit 6) PPT

"Unit Learning Tasks" (Unit 6) PPT

Part One: Key Ability Development—Learning to Debate

【related information】

Debate is one of the effective forms of Chinese teaching activities, and it is also a difficulty in Chinese teaching. Determine the debate topic based on the textbook, and use preparatory cards to guide students to collect and organize materials to prepare for the debate activities; and post-debate reflections can further enhance the effect of the activity.

1. Principles of Debate

1. Treat the outcome of the debate correctly

There is no winner or loser in a debate, because the debate topic itself often does not have an absolutely correct answer. Therefore, what determines the outcome of the debate is not who of the two parties grasps or adheres to the truth, but who can theoretically justify themselves and show superb skills. His debating skills, humorous language and respectable personal charm make him more popular than anyone else.

2. Respect the personality of the opponent in the debate

When the outcome of a debate is obviously not favorable to them, debaters will use various sophistical techniques to argue. However, if the balance is not properly grasped, it may evolve into verbal abuse and attacks by both parties, and even contempt or even denial of the other party's personality. If you don't respect the personality of the other person, you will naturally be attacked by the other person on your personality. If you want your own personality to be respected, you must first respect the personality of others.

3. Sophistry is not the same as nonsense.

Since both parties in the debate are arguing for the truth they "believe in", they often know that their views are wrong and are unwilling to admit defeat. It is normal to engage in some sophistry in the debate, but sophistry does not mean being messy. The so-called nonsense is: when the other party explains the problem clearly, you do not read the other party's article and analyze the other party's point of view, but continue to impose your own "understood" point of view on the other party, and make unnecessary remarks to others. target attack.

2. Pay attention to the accumulation of knowledge when participating in debates

To win a debate, you must have a wealth of knowledge. This includes two aspects.

1. Read the other party’s articles and related materials carefully. Analyze the content of the topic theoretically to avoid vulgarity and impoverishment of the defense, making the defense richer in theory and knowledge. Absolutely avoid using vulgar examples and low-level gimmicks in debates, or replacing theories with emotions and pretending to be inflammatory to win sympathy or applause from fellow debaters.

2. Pay attention to the accumulation of daily comprehensive knowledge. If a person only has the enthusiasm for debate, but his knowledge base is very poor and there are few things to mobilize, then he will fall into the dilemma of "a clever woman can't make a meal without straw". Even without enthusiasm, the desired results cannot be achieved. Knowledge is like a pyramid. If you don't understand the broad knowledge background and only know a lot or rich knowledge of this professional knowledge, it is impossible to use it freely in debates and respond fluently.

3. Debate skills

The accumulation of knowledge is important, but it is difficult to achieve the desired results if you do not understand debate skills. Debate skills mainly include the following aspects.

1. Hit the point

As the saying goes, to hit a snake, you have to hit it within seven inches, which means that only by grasping the key points can the attack be effective. After seeing the other party's point of view clearly, you must grasp the key issues in the other party's point of view, attack to the end, and theoretically defeat the opponent completely. In a debate, only by always grasping the key issues can we hit the snake before it reaches the seven-inch mark. When necessary, use the method of "avoiding the truth and replacing the truth". When the other party's questions or opinions cannot be answered by yourself, do not force yourself to answer. This will not only lose face, but may even lead to the complete failure of the debate. In this case, just You must tactfully avoid the other party's problems and find the other party's weaknesses to attack. At the same time, we must reasonably "avoid the weak and focus on the real" and "avoid the weak and focus on the serious." We must not only be good at attacking the opponent on key issues to protect ourselves, but also be good at grasping the opponent's vital points and attack fiercely to ensure victory.

2. Take advantage of contradictions and expand them

Contradictions in opinions are inevitable during debates. Even the same person often contradicts himself during debates. Once such a situation occurs, we should seize it immediately and try our best to expand the contradictions of the other party, widen the cracks in the other party's views, force the other party into a dilemma, and make it unable to take care of itself and unable to attack itself. "Use the son's spear to attack the son's shield", making him anxious, confused and speechless, and speechless.

3. Lure the snake out of its hole

In a debate, if a frontal attack is less effective, you can adopt a roundabout approach, starting with seemingly unimportant questions to induce the other party to talk or answer randomly. Once you find a gap in the other party's point of view, you can immediately attack them violently. Attack, disintegrate the opponent's solid defense line, thereby dealing a heavy blow to the opponent.

4. Li Daitaojiang

In the debate, if your opinions or evidence are not strong enough, you can make full use of the "Li Dai Tao Zong" tactic. The so-called Li Daitao Zombie is to use vague concepts to deal with the other party in the process of debating with the other party, hiding some of your own unclear or ambiguous views so that they will not be directly attacked by the other party.

4. Debate method

1. Standardize on-site debates

A standard debate will have one debate, two debates, three debates and four debates, including arguments, refutations, cross-examination and other links. There is a moderator and an audience... For debate topics where students have sufficient material preparation and strong interest, live debates can be simulated. Let students carry out standardized debate activities.

2. Free-form debate

Free-form debate, simply put, encourages every student to prepare carefully. During the debate, every student can become a debater. In this way, students' awareness of inquiry can be stimulated and independent learning can be achieved.

Unit learning task PPT, Part 2: Guidance on writing tasks—arguments must be targeted

【Knowledge Guide】

"Articles are written to suit the occasion, and songs and poems are written to suit the event." A good essay always has its practical relevance.

1. There is a specific object of discussion

1. Respond to controversial issues and express your feelings

Only when problems have practical significance can they be valuable. For example, after studying "Lost Street Pavilion", if we comment on this matter, we will put forward many different opinions: Ma Su should be killed, we should not make the mistake of pride like Ma Su; Ma Su is a good person, he made a mistake , do not run away, do not shirk, and have the courage to take responsibility; Zhuge Liang cannot escape the blame, the failure of the battle was mainly caused by his improper employment of personnel; Zhuge Liang is worth learning, he can act in accordance with the law and does not show favoritism. If you think that the current problem of shirking responsibility is serious, you can talk about how Ma Di dared to take responsibility; if you think that the current problem of some cadres practicing favoritism, corruption and bending the law is serious, you can praise Zhuge Liang for not showing favoritism. Only by paying attention to controversial issues and expressing your thoughts can the article be of educational significance.

2. Focus on real phenomena and strive to create new ones

Argumentative essays are a way for us to participate in life. Therefore, when writing, expressing opinions on a certain realistic phenomenon must be highly targeted, dare to be innovative, and not follow what others say. In an article titled "I also talk about exams," there is this paragraph: Amid the upsurge of public opinion denouncing exam-oriented education, our intense final review exam phase has arrived again. In the past few days, the students complained to each other and cursed the exam almost every time they met. Studying was carried out completely in a passive mood of not wanting to do it but having to do it. In fact, we can put forward a different understanding of this social phenomenon in a targeted and fresh way: Examination is a good thing for both individuals and the country. Exams put pressure on people, but isn’t a little pressure a good thing? We were too lazy to study at first, but after the test, we all started studying obediently. A few years later, if you look at what you gained from studying, you might even be grateful for the exam! During the "Cultural Revolution", it was because there were no examinations that many truly outstanding students were unable to go to university for further studies.

3. Focus on specific cases and discuss them one by one

An argumentative essay must achieve the purpose of digging deep into the ideological connotation and explaining the truth within a limited space. The effective method is to stick closely to the attached facts, seize the most worthy of discussion, and discuss one point or one thing. In this way, due to the concentration of topics, we can broaden our thinking, analyze it in place, and be targeted within the limited space.

2. Predictive readers

Write with different purposes and audiences in mind. This requires students to have "reader awareness" when writing. The so-called reader awareness means that there is object awareness in writing, and there is an object in mind to talk to or communicate with. There is always an "hidden reader" in the writing process, and this "reader" exists in every aspect of writing.

1. Connect the author and the reader in the composition and be your own "first reader"

The author himself is both the first reader of the composition and a special reader. He participates in every process of creation, understands every detail of the work, and has the dual identities of writer and reader. Therefore, we must learn to change roles. After finishing writing, we should enter the identity of a reader, re-read the article from the reader's perspective, re-experience the mood when writing, and correct the inappropriate things that we did not notice when writing.

2. Enhance readers’ awareness in specific language and genre exercises

In the 2015 National Volume I, the question "Daughter reported her father's phone call while driving on the highway" clearly asked "Please write a letter to Xiao Chen, Lao Chen or other relevant parties." In this question, by determining that the writing style is epistolary, we have a clear writing target when writing. It is relatively easier to write this article from the reader's perspective and consciously communicate with the reader. Therefore, we can also use letters, a form of communicative writing, in our daily writing exercises.

Unit learning task PPT, the third part of the content: [Writing task]

1. Read the following materials and write three targeted questions according to their respective requirements.

1. Classics refer to the "most valuable books" selected through history. They should be enduring works for all generations. But not long ago, a university press published a publication called "Ranking of Unreadable Readings", and the results were jaw-dropping: "Dream of Red Mansions" topped the list; among the top 10 of the list, all four classic Chinese masterpieces were included; Foreign masterpieces such as "One Hundred Years of Solitude" and "Walden Pond" are also among them. At the same time, popular literary works and reading novels (literature) through the Internet have become very popular. Is the influence of classic literature lagging behind that of popular literature, or is the old way of reading obsolete? Or...?

This has triggered a heated discussion in society.

What do you think about the above things? Please compose a composition based on this, reflect your thinking, express your attitude, and explain your views.

Requirements: Comprehensive content and meaning of the material, choose a good angle, determine the idea, draft your own title, and complete the writing task.

Proposed topic: (1)________ (2)________ (3)________

Answer: Prompt question from perspective:

(1) Classics are destined to be "lonely"; (2) Get close to classics and enhance your soul; (3) Although classics are priceless, they should be disseminated in the right way; (4) Don't let classics disappear in the "popular age"

2. When the Taiwan Philharmonic Orchestra performed in a certain city in mainland China, subtitles saying "No photography or recording during the performance" were printed on both sides of the venue. During the performance, many viewers were moved by the wonderful performance and took photos and videos. The staff who maintained order at the venue used laser pointers to directly shine a laser pointer on anyone who violated the rules. Some of the people who were photographed felt wronged, and some became angry with shame. The order on the scene was good and bad. After the performance, the Philharmonic Orchestra’s official Weibo posted a message stating that audience members who disrespect art are not welcome.

What do you think of the above matter? As a netizen, please comment on the performance of the Philharmonic Orchestra, the audience or the staff, express your attitude and express your views.

Proposed topic: (1)________ (2)________ (3)________

Answer: Prompt question from perspective:

(1) (To the audience) You and I build a civilized society/respect art, starting with me (2) (To the Philharmonic Orchestra) Thumbs up for protecting art (3) (To the staff) Let law enforcement be more effective warmth

3. Someone discovered this phenomenon on the plane: among the same passengers aged 30 to 45, first-class passengers are often reading books, business-class passengers are mostly reading magazines or working on laptops, and economy-class passengers are reading There are more people reading newspapers, watching movies, playing games and chatting. At the airport, most people in the VIP lounge are reading, while everyone in the ordinary cabin waiting area is playing with their mobile phones. He thought, does a person's position affect his behavior, or does his behavior affect his position?

Requirements: Choose the right angle, decide your own idea; draft your own title; except poetry, there is no restriction on the style of writing, and the style should have distinctive characteristics.

Proposed topic: (1)________ (2)________ (3)________

Answer: Prompt question from perspective:

(1) Behavior affects position; (2) Position affects behavior; (3) Position and behavior affect each other

2. Read the text below and compose as required.

Toynbee, a British historian who was obsessed with the study of ancient culture, once said that if he could choose the time and place of birth, he would be born in Xinjiang, China, in the first century AD, because at that time there were Buddhist culture, Indian culture, Greek culture, It is a crossroads between Persian culture, Chinese culture and other cultures.

Marie Curie said in a letter to her niece Hannah: "You wrote to me and said that you would like to be born a century ago...Irena definitely said to me that she would rather be born later than before. Centuries to come. I think people can live interesting and useful lives in every period."

What thoughts did the above material trigger in you? Please write an article based on your own experience and insights.

Requirements: ① Choose your own angle, make your own title, and choose your own style; ② No less than 800 words; ③ No copying or plagiarism.

Interpretation: This composition is a material composition. One material talks about the British historian Toynbee wishing to live in Xinjiang, China in the first century AD; the other material is Madame Curie's statement that she believed that people can live in every period. An interesting and useful life. The two materials focus on ideals in terms of ideological content and are based on the present. Each has its own emphasis. Whether it is choosing life or being chosen by life, they all involve the outlook on life of having ideals, paying attention to reality, and working hard.

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