"Understanding Biological Diversity" PPT Courseware 3

Description

"Understanding Biological Diversity" PPT Courseware 3

Knowledge goal

1. Understand the meaning of biological diversity, be able to list the three levels of biological diversity, and outline the relationship between them;

2. Have a preliminary understanding of the richness and uniqueness of my country’s biological diversity;

3. Be able to explain the importance of protecting biological diversity.

Competence goals

In the process of processing data and problems, cultivate the ability to organize, analyze, summarize, and collaborate to explore.

Emotional attitudes and values

Understand the national conditions, cultivate national pride, and cultivate awareness of caring for life and protecting the environment.

focus

1. Understand the three levels of biological diversity and the relationships between them;

2. Understanding genetic diversity.

difficulty

Cultivation of induction ability and reasoning ability; strengthening of ecological awareness and environmental protection awareness.

The value and significance of biological diversity

(1) Biological organisms provide humans with food, fiber, wood, medicinal materials and a variety of industrial raw materials.

(2) Biodiversity also has aesthetic value, which can cultivate people's sentiments and beautify people's lives.

(3) Biodiversity can maintain soil fertility, ensure water quality, and regulate climate.

(4) Biodiversity can preserve and protect endangered species.

1. Diversity of biological species

How many types of living things are there in nature?

The diversity of biological species refers to the richness of biological species such as animals, plants, and microorganisms on the earth.

The diversity of biological species includes two aspects: on the one hand, it refers to the richness of species in a certain area, which can be called regional species diversity; on the other hand, it refers to the evenness of species distribution in ecology, which can be called ecological diversity. sexual or community diversity.

The diversity of biological species is an objective indicator to measure the richness of biological resources in a certain area. Generally speaking, the larger the population of a species, the greater its genetic diversity. However, increases in the populations of some species may lead to decreases in others, leading to a reduction in species diversity within a certain area.

discuss

1. In addition to the groups listed in the table above, what other groups of animals and plants are there? Besides animals and plants, what other groups of organisms do you know?

Coelenterates, molluscs, crustaceans, annelids and arthropods among invertebrates. Algae and bryophytes among plants. In addition to animals and plants there are bacteria, fungi and viruses.

2. Which type of organisms in my country has the highest percentage in the world? Which category is relatively rare?

my country has the highest percentage of gymnosperms in the world, while reptiles have a relatively small percentage in the world.

There are still many species of organisms that have not been discovered on the earth. According to scientists' estimates, the total number of species that actually exist on the earth ranges from 5 million to 100 million species.

2. Gene diversity

1. Every living thing is a rich gene pool.

Diversity of biological species == genetic diversity

2. A rich gene bank can provide valuable genetic resources for the genetic breeding of animals and plants.

3. The genetic diversity of domestic animals, cultivated plants and wild relatives in my country is very rich.

Genetic diversity represents the variation in genetic structure within and between biological populations.

The fundamental cause of genetic diversity is the mutation of genetic material in organisms during the long-term evolution of organisms. Each species consists of several populations composed of several individuals. Populations tend to be genetically different due to mutation, natural selection, or other reasons. These genetic differences allow organisms to reproduce and adapt more successfully under specific conditions in their local environment.

3. Ecosystem Diversity

The diversity of ecosystems mainly refers to the diversity of ecosystem composition and functions on the earth, as well as the diversity of various ecological environments, including the diversity of organisms, biomes, and ecosystems. Among them, biological diversity is the basis for the formation of ecosystem diversity, and the diversity of biological communities can reflect the diversity of ecosystem types.

General characteristics of my country’s biodiversity

Our country is one of the most biologically diverse countries on earth. It occupies a very unique position in the world. The characteristics of my country’s biodiversity are as follows.

1. The species is very rich: my country has more than 30,000 species of higher plants, second only to Brazil and Colombia, which have the most abundant higher plants in the world.

2. There are many endemic genera and species: my country has the most endemic species among higher plants, about 17,300 species, and among 581 species of mammals, about 110 endemic species.

3. The germplasm resources of cultivated plants, domestic animals and their wild relatives are extremely rich: my country has more than 1,000 economic tree species; it is one of the origins of rice, with 50,000 local varieties; it is the hometown of soybeans, with 20 local varieties 000; there are more than 11,000 medicinal plants and so on.

4． Rich types of ecosystems: my country has various types of terrestrial ecosystems, including forests, shrubs, grasslands, deserts, alpine tundra, etc. Due to different climate, soil and other conditions, they are further divided into various subtypes. my country also has a complete range of marine and freshwater ecosystem types.

Class exercises

1. _____ is known as the "hometown of gymnosperms".

2. Every living thing is a rich __________. The diversity of types is essentially the diversity of ____.

3. Chinese scientists have developed a new hybrid rice variety.

4． Biological diversity includes __________, __________, and __________.

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Update Time: 2024-10-29

This template belongs to biology courseware People's Education Edition Biology for Grade 8, Volume 1 industry PPT template

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