"The Arrival of the Steam Age" Entering Modern Times PPT Courseware 7

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"The Arrival of the Steam Age" Entering Modern Times PPT Courseware 7

Industrial Revolution

The capitalist period saw a leap from factory handicrafts to the stage of large-scale machine production. Starting from the 1760s, it first occurred in the United Kingdom, and after the 19th century, European and American countries also followed suit.

Think about it: why did this “change” start in the UK in the first place?

Engels said: "While the revolutionary storm swept across France, Britain was undergoing a relatively quiet but not less powerful change."

1. Background of the Industrial Revolution

(1) Causes of the British Industrial Revolution:

1. Premise: The establishment of bourgeois rule in Britain

2. Conditions:

Strong capital

sufficient labor force

Abundant resources and raw materials

Overseas market demand

(2) Process:

1. Starting sector: cotton textile industry

2. When the Industrial Revolution began: 1860s, Britain

3. Beginning: Inventing and Using Machines

2. The Process of the Industrial Revolution

This spinning wheel was invented in the early 16th century. It uses pedals to drive the spinning wheel to spin. This kind of spinning wheel can perform two tasks of twisting cotton thread and winding cotton thread at the same time, but the productivity is very low.

The long threads on the loom are warp threads, and the weft threads shuttle between the warp threads. There are pedals under the loom, and the weavers use the pedals to work.

British industrial revolution

First up: UK

Start time: 1760s

Start industry: Cotton textile industry

Beginning: Hargreaves invents the Jenny Machine

3. Changes in transportation:

1. Steamship: 1807 Fulton

2. Train and locomotive: Stephenson in 1825

4. Britain took the lead in completing the Industrial Revolution: the first half of the 19th century

5. Completed the Industrial Revolution successively: France and the United States

6. Meaning:

1. Created huge productivity and promoted rapid economic development.

2. Changes in the social landscape: Capitalist society is increasingly divided into two directly opposing classes: the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

3. It has caused poverty and backwardness in countries and regions in Asia, Africa and Latin America (or the world has formed a situation in which the West is advanced and the East is backward)

Impact of the Industrial Revolution

1. Created huge productivity and brought about earth-shaking changes in the face of society.

2. After the Industrial Revolution, capitalism finally defeated feudalism and gradually established its dominance over the world. The world has formed a situation in which the West is advanced and the East is backward.

Some major inventions during the industrial revolution

Jenny Machine UK Hargreaves

Improved steam engine Watt, England

ship usa fulton

train uk stephenson

1. One day in London, England, in 1819, the roar of machines in all factories stopped. In this way, people commemorate the death of a great man who created a new history of mankind. This great man is: ( )

A.Newton

B. Watt

C.Karl Benz

D.Stephenson

2. In the 17th and 18th centuries, there were two revolutions in the political and economic fields in Britain. One was full of violence, sword flashes, and bloody revolutions; the other was peaceful, but its power did not weaken because of it, and it completely changed people's life. Revolutions in production and lifestyle that have influenced and changed the face of the world. Do you know what these two revolutions are?

British Bourgeois Revolution Industrial Revolution

3. Observe the following pictures of three types of machines during the Industrial Revolution

(1) What kind of machine is picture 1? Talk about its impact on the Industrial Revolution.

(2) Who is the inventor of Figure 2? Talk about its role in the industrial revolution.

(3) What is the internal connection between the machine in Figure 2 and the machine in Figure 3?

4.In the 18th century, an invention that helped break the pattern of building factories near rivers was

A. Jenny machine B. steam engine

C. Generator D. internal combustion engine

5. British coal consumption soared from 10 million tons in 1800 to 60 million tons in 1956. The main reason for this change is

A. Application and promotion of steam engines

B. Improvement of railway transportation capacity

C. Increased demand for thermal power generation

D. Expansion of coal export trade

The first industrial revolution is one of the most important milestones in the history of world science and technology and economic development. Answer the following questions accordingly:

1. What was the most important invention of the Industrial Revolution? What significance did this invention have to machine production at that time, and what innovations did it bring to the production industry?

The most important invention is: Watt's improved steam engine

Significance: The steam engine became the source of power for machine production.

Innovation in production industries: textile industry, transportation industry, etc.

2. The first World's Fair was held in the United Kingdom in 1851. Please give three examples of the "gifts" (machine production) brought to mankind by the Industrial Revolution at this expo.

Steam engines, trains, ships

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Update Time: 2024-11-17

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