"Thermal Motion of Molecules" Internal Energy PPT Courseware 5

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"Thermal Motion of Molecules" Internal Energy PPT Courseware 5

1. Matter is composed of molecules and atoms

How big is a molecule?

If the molecules are regarded as spherical, then the diameter of the general molecule is only a few hundred millionths of a meter, that is to say, the diameter of the molecule is measured in 10-10m.

Since molecules are very small, objects usually contain many molecules. For example, under normal temperature and pressure, there are approximately 2.7×1019 molecules in 1cm3 of air. Modern large computers can calculate 10 billion times per second. If the speed of counting people can also reach 10 billion per second, it would take more than 80 years to count all the molecules in 1cm3 of air one by one!

2. Thermal motion of molecules

1. What are phenomena 1, 2, and 3 called? Can you cite similar phenomena?

diffusion phenomenon

When different substances come into contact, the phenomenon of entering each other is called diffusion.

The speed of diffusion is mainly related to temperature.

2. What does the diffusion phenomenon indicate?

Explanation of diffusion phenomenon:

①The molecules of all substances are constantly moving irregularly. (thermal motion of molecules)

②There are gaps between molecules.

Think about it:

1. Since molecules are moving, why do the molecules in solids and liquids not fly apart, but always stay together and maintain a certain volume?

2. Since there are gaps between molecules, why is it difficult to compress solids and liquids?

3. Intermolecular forces:

1. There are both attraction and repulsion between molecules. The attraction and repulsion between molecules always exist at the same time.

2. The interaction force between molecules is related to the distance between molecules.

1: Fill in the blanks

1. The physical knowledge involved in "Blooming flowers inside the wall and fragrance outside the wall" mainly involves ______.

2. Diffusion can occur between ______, in ______, or in ______.

3. When red ink is dropped into hot water and cold water respectively, it can be found that the hot water changes color faster than the cold water. This shows that the higher the temperature, the thermal motion of a large number of molecules in the water ______.

2. Multiple choice questions

1. Which of the following phenomena cannot explain that "the molecules of all substances are constantly moving irregularly" ( )

A. Spray some perfume in the room and the whole room will smell the fragrance.

B. In corners where media have been piled up for a long time, the deeper parts of the wall will also turn black.

C. When sweeping the floor in the morning, I often see dust flying indoors under the sunlight.

D. Put a piece of sugar in boiling water and the whole cup of water will become sweeter.

2. The speed of thermal motion of a large number of molecules in an object is related to the following factors ( )

A. The temperature of the object

B. The speed of the object’s movement

C. The size of the object’s density

D. The size of the object’s mechanical energy

practise

1. As shown in the figure, in the experiment, the red ink in both cups diffused into the entire cup of water, but the red ink in the ______ cup diffused faster than the red ink in the ______ cup. This shows that the movement of molecules is related to ______.

2. As shown in the figure, when the glass plate is pulled upward, the spring force gauge will indicate _____. This shows that there are _____ between molecules.

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Update Time: 2024-09-10

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