"The Anshi Rebellion and the Decline of the Tang Dynasty" PPT

"The Anshi Rebellion and the Decline of the Tang Dynasty" PPT

Part One: The Anshi Rebellion

1. Background of the Anshi Rebellion

After the end of Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty pursued pleasure and favored nepotism, and the government became increasingly corrupt. Various conflicts in society are becoming more and more acute, and the situation on the border is becoming increasingly tense. Jiedushi (originally a military commander and later the highest local military and political officer) in various places gradually combined military, administrative and financial power, and their power expanded. The balance of power between the central and local governments is out of balance, resulting in a situation where the external is more important than the internal. The border general An Lushan also served as the military envoy of Fan Yang and other three places. He was responsible for the defense of the Northeast and gradually expanded his power.

Relevant historical events

Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty favored Concubine Yang and abandoned the government from then on. He re-appointed the eunuch Gao Lishi, handed over the government to Li Linfu, a sweet-talking and sword-minded man, and promoted Yang Guozhong, Yang Guifei's cousin, to serve as prime minister. These people hold great power, practice corruption for personal gain, and exclude talented people, causing the government to be dark and corrupt.

2. An Shi Rebellion

In 755, An Lushan and his general Shi Siming launched a rebellion on the pretext that there were traitors in the court, which was known as the "An-Shi Rebellion" in history. The Anshi rebels marched south from Hebei and successively captured Luoyang, the eastern capital, and then Tongguan, approaching Chang'an. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to Sichuan in panic. Prince Li Heng went north to Lingwu and was proclaimed emperor, namely Suzong of the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty transferred all the elite troops guarding the northwest region internally, and with the assistance of the northern ethnic minority armies, they fought back against the rebels. The Anshi rebels started civil strife one after another and were finally put down in 763.

3. The impact of the Anshi Rebellion

The Anshi Rebellion, which lasted for eight years, caused great damage to the social economy, especially in the northern region. From then on, the power of the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, and various contradictions became more and more acute. The central power of the Tang Dynasty declined, and the power of the old Anshi generals and the inland Jiedu envoys increased, gradually forming a situation of separatist vassal towns.

During the separatist rule of vassal towns and the Anshi Rebellion and after, the Tang Dynasty added many Jiedu envoys. Many areas under the jurisdiction of Jiedushi were nominally vassal towns of the Tang Dynasty, but in fact they were separatist forces. In this way, the situation of separatist rule among vassal towns emerged.

The Anshi Rebellion and the Decline of the Tang Dynasty PPT, Part 2: Huang Chao Uprising and the Decline of the Tang Dynasty

1. Huangchao Uprising

In the late Tang Dynasty, the rule was corrupt and the eunuchs were monopolistic. The separatist situation of feudal towns became more and more serious. Moreover, annexation wars broke out among each other. The central government was no longer able to control the feudal towns. The people were burdened with heavy servitude, lived in poverty, and suffered from successive years of famine. They had no way to make a living, so they launched a large-scale uprising. Under the leadership of Huang Chao, the rebel army fought north and south, invaded Chang'an, established political power, and dealt a fatal blow to the rulers of the Tang Dynasty.

2. The fall of the Tang Dynasty

Zhu Wen, who was originally a general of the peasant uprising army, later surrendered to the Tang Dynasty and was granted the title of Jiedu Envoy. He worked with other vassal towns to suppress the Huangchao Uprising. He gradually took control of the government and successively annexed the large and small separatist forces in the north. In 907, Zhu Wen established the Houliang regime, and the Tang Dynasty fell.

The Anshi Rebellion and the Decline and Fall of the Tang Dynasty PPT, the third part: the changes and separation of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

1. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, there were three political regimes in the Yellow River Basin in the north: the Later Liang, the Later Tang, the Later Jin, the Later Han, and the Hou Wu; and in the south there were nine regimes: Wu, Southern Tang, Wuyue, Qian Shu, Hou Shu, Chu, Min, Nan Han, and Nanping. The political power, together with the Northern Han Dynasty that separatized Taiyuan in the north, is known as the "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms" in history.

2. The changes and divisions of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were a continuation of the separatist system of vassal towns since the late Tang Dynasty. Their founding monarchs were all generals with military power. Regimes in the north changed, wars continued, and the political situation was unstable. At that time, the southern region was less affected by the war, the political situation was relatively stable, and the economy also developed to a certain extent on the original basis. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, although political power was separated, the historical impact of long-term political unification was closely related to the economic development of various regions, making unification always an objective and inevitable trend.

The Anshi Rebellion and the Decline and Fall of the Tang Dynasty PPT, the fourth part: after-school activities

1. Which of the following are the main reasons for the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion? Please put √ in □.

□The emperor abandoned the government □A serious famine occurred

□Concubine Yang is favored □Jiedushi’s power expands

□Farmers are overburdened □The military’s combat effectiveness is weak

2. In his youth, Huang Chao wrote a poem "Fu Di Hou Fu Ju":

When autumn comes on September 8th, I will kill all the flowers after they bloom. The incense formation soaring to the sky penetrates Chang'an, and the whole city is covered with golden armor.

The Anshi Rebellion and the Decline and Fall of the Tang Dynasty PPT, Part Five: Knowledge Expansion

Zhou Shizong's reforms

Zhou Shizong, the second emperor of the Later Zhou Dynasty, had great ambitions. After he came to the throne, he vigorously reversed the chaotic situation and implemented a series of reform measures: politically, he strengthened centralization, improved administrative efficiency, and revised laws; economically, he focused on developing production, building water conservancy projects, and alleviating problems. The peasants were burdened; the central imperial army was reorganized militarily and local military power was weakened. He led his army to conquer the north and south, determined to unify the country, but he fell seriously ill and died at the age of 39. Zhou Shizong's reforms made the Later Zhou Dynasty stronger and laid the foundation for the unification of the Northern Song Dynasty.

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