"The Independent Diplomacy of New China" PPT courseware on the construction and reform of New China

"The Independent Diplomacy of New China" PPT courseware on the construction and reform of New China

Part One: Diplomacy in the Early Years of New China

1. Mao Zedong’s three diplomatic policies

Review what you have learned and analyze the international situation in the early days of the founding of New China. Based on what international environment did Mao Zedong propose three diplomatic policies?

(1) Background:

(2) Contents of the three diplomatic policies:

(3) Role: It broke through the Eastern Front of imperialism, ended the humiliating diplomacy of old China for more than a hundred years, and opened a new chapter in China's diplomacy.

Think about it:

Combined with the world situation during the Cold War, explain why New China implemented the "one-sided" diplomatic principle in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China? What does this do?

Reason: The confrontation between the socialist camp headed by the Soviet Union and the capitalist camp headed by the United States.

The United States stood on the opposite side of the Chinese people and supported Chiang Kai-shek in his civil war.

The Soviet Union sympathized with and supported the Chinese people's revolution.

Function: To prevent New China from being isolated in the struggle to safeguard revolutionary achievements and independence and sovereignty; to facilitate the use of foreign aid for economic construction.

2. Mao Zedong proposed the diplomatic principles and premises of New China

This government is the only government representing the people of the People's Republic of China. This government is willing to establish diplomatic relations with any foreign government that is willing to abide by the principles of equality, mutual benefit and mutual respect for territorial sovereignty.

3. Diplomatic policies and principles in the 1950s

(1) Time and place of the Asia-Africa Conference:

1955; Bandung, Indonesia

(2) The diplomatic policy proposed by Zhou Enlai:

"Seek common ground while reserving differences"

(3) Diplomatic principles proposed by Zhou Enlai:

"Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence"

Independent New China Diplomacy PPT, Part 2: Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between China and the United States and China’s Return to the United Nations

1. Improvement of Sino-US relations

(1) Background:

Thinking: Under what circumstances did improving Sino-US relations become a consensus between the two countries?

From China:

1. After the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, China became an independent political force in the world (the largest developing country) that was not aligned with any major country or group, and wanted to break the diplomatic deadlock as a whole and improve its international status;

2. Use the United States to contain and deal with threats from the Soviet Union and relieve national security pressure;

3. Help solve the Taiwan issue and achieve the reunification of China.

From the United States:

1. Recognize China’s important role in international affairs and admit the failure of the policy of isolating China.

2. Use China to contain the Soviet Union

3. With the resurgence of Western Europe and Japan, the hegemony of the United States has weakened, and it hopes to enter the Chinese market and obtain economic benefits.

After the normalization of relations between the two countries, Japan and Western countries have established diplomatic relations with China, which has eased the international situation, is conducive to world peace and development, and is also conducive to the development of the vast number of countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

(2) Process:

Combined with the relevant content of textbook P58, major events in the process from the improvement of relations between China and the United States to the formal establishment of diplomatic relations:

(1) March 1971: The US table tennis team visited China

(2) February 1972: US President Nixon visited China

(3) 1979: China and the United States formally established diplomatic relations

2. China returns to the United Nations

(1) Time: October 1971

(2) Related meetings:

In October 1971, the 26th United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution to restore all legal rights of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations and to immediately expel the "representatives" of the Taiwan Kuomintang authorities from the United Nations and all its affiliated institutions. After the founding of New China, China’s seat in the United Nations was occupied by the Taiwan authorities

3. A new upsurge in establishing diplomatic relations:

Reason: Improvement in Sino-US relations

Diplomatic achievements: The improvement of Sino-US relations promoted the relaxation of Sino-Japanese relations. In 1972, China and Japan established diplomatic relations and normalized diplomatic relations. Since then, many countries that originally followed the United States in isolating China have established diplomatic relations with China. Currently, China has established diplomatic relations with more than 170 countries.

my country’s diplomatic achievements in the 1970s:

1.1971.10, China resumed its lawful seat in the United Nations

2.1972.2, U.S. President Nixon visited China. China and the United States ended their long-term confrontation, and relations between the two countries began to normalize.

3. In 1972, China and Japan established diplomatic relations

4. In 1979, China and the United States formally established diplomatic relations. China and the United States ended more than 20 years of confrontation, and relations between the two countries gradually normalized.

The main reasons for our country’s diplomatic achievements:

1. Fundamental reasons: China’s comprehensive national strength continues to increase and its international status improves day by day.

2. Adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

3. Our country is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and has always followed the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter and contributed to world peace and development.

Independent New China Diplomacy PPT, Part 3: Independent Foreign Policy of Peace

1. Background:

In the mid-1980s, Deng Xiaoping proposed that peace and development have become the two major themes in today's world based on the major changes in world economy and politics. At the same time, it was pointed out that to achieve the four modernizations and carry out reform and opening up, we must have a stable and united political situation at home and a peaceful environment internationally. Based on this situation, we proposed our foreign policy.

2. Ideological basis (guiding ideology):

Oppose hegemonism and maintain world peace; enhance international cooperation and promote common prosperity.

3. The meaning (content) of an independent foreign policy of peace:

4. Important impact (significance):

It opened up a new situation in China's diplomacy, accelerated China's integration into the international community, and brought about historic changes in the relationship between China and the world.

The reasons why our country pursues an independent foreign policy of peace:

1. World theme: Peace and development are the themes of today’s world

2. United Nations perspective: my country is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. It has always followed the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter and is committed to world peace and development.

3. Norms of international relations: The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are the basic principles for handling relations between countries.

4. National spirit perspective: Love of peace is one of the great national spirits of the Chinese nation

my country’s diplomatic principles (norms): Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

Our country’s foreign policy: an independent foreign policy of peace

China’s international image: a peaceful, cooperative and responsible country

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