"The Efficiency of Heat Engines" Utilization of Internal Energy PPT Teaching Courseware

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"The Efficiency of Heat Engines" Utilization of Internal Energy PPT Teaching Courseware

Part One Content: A Classification Practice of Knowledge Key Points

Knowledge point 1: Calorific value of fuel

1. The ratio of the heat released when a certain fuel _________ is burned to its mass is called the calorific value of the fuel. The calorific value of gasoline is 4.6×107 J/kg. Its physical meaning is that when gasoline is completely burned _________, the heat released is ________J.

2. The calorific value of coal gas is 3.9×107 J/m3. After complete combustion, the heat released is 7.8×107 J. The volume of burning gas is ________m3. The calorific value of biogas is 1.9×107 J/m3. By comparison, it can be seen that when the same volume of coal gas and biogas is completely burned, the heat released by coal gas is more ________ (please fill in "more" or "less").

3. Regarding the calorific value of fuel, which of the following statements is correct ()

A. The heat released by burning 1 kg of a certain fuel is called the calorific value of the fuel.

B． When the fuel is burned, the greater the mass, the greater the calorific value.

C. The calorific value of incomplete combustion of fuel is smaller than the calorific value of complete combustion.

D. The calorific value of fuel is related to the type of fuel and has nothing to do with the quality and combustion conditions of the fuel.

4. Gasoline with a mass of 5 kg, after half of it is used, the remaining gasoline ()

A. Density, specific heat capacity, and calorific value all become half of their original values.

B． The density remains unchanged, but the specific heat capacity and calorific value become half of their original values.

C. The density and specific heat capacity become half of their original values, but the calorific value remains unchanged.

D. Density, specific heat capacity, and calorific value remain unchanged

Knowledge point 2: The efficiency of heat engines

5. For a heat engine, the ratio of the part of energy used to do _________work when the fuel is burned to the heat released by the fuel___________ is called the efficiency of the heat engine.

6. The energy lost by a heat engine during operation is one-quarter of the energy released by complete combustion of the fuel, then the heat engine efficiency of the heat engine is ________.

PPT on the efficiency of heat engines, part 2: Comprehensive practice of the B-law method

10. Most of the Long March series launch vehicles used in my country’s aerospace engineering use liquid hydrogen as fuel. The main reason is that liquid hydrogen has ()

A. lower boiling point

B． Larger calorific value

C. Large specific heat capacity

D. higher freezing point

11． Figure 14-2-2 shows the relationship between the mass of the two fuels A and B completely burned and the heat released. From the image, it can be seen that the relationship between the calorific values ​​of the two fuels A and B is ()

A. qA

C. qA>qB D. Can't compare

12. Dual-fuel vehicles use natural gas or gasoline as fuel. Which of the following statements is correct ()

A. The greater the calorific value of the fuel, the more heat is released when burned.

B． Using natural gas as fuel, the efficiency of car engines can reach 100%

C. During the compression stroke, the temperature of the fuel mixture increases and the internal energy increases

D. Compared with natural gas, gasoline causes less pollution to the environment when burned.

13. As a new energy source, "combustible ice" has huge potential for development and use. Under the same conditions, the heat released by complete combustion of "combustible ice" can reach dozens of times that of coal gas, indicating that the _________ of "combustible ice" is very large. Based on a rough calculation based on the relationship of 10 times, the heat released by the complete combustion of 1 kg of "combustible ice" is ______________J. This heat can heat ____________kg of water from 20 ℃ to 100 ℃. [cWater=4.2×103 J/(kg·℃), qGas=4.2×107 J/kg]

PPT on the efficiency of heat engines, the third part: Practical practice of C high-frequency examination questions

17． [2017·Yiyang]In order to save energy, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of the heat engine. Which of the following measures cannot improve the efficiency of the heat engine ()

A. Let the fuel and air mix thoroughly so that the fuel burns more completely

B． Continuous improvement and innovation should be made when designing and manufacturing heat engines to reduce energy loss

C. Minimize friction between components inside the heat engine

D. Maximize the working time of the heat engine

18. [2017·Dalian]A gas water heater used in a household heated 20 kg of water from 10 ℃ to 60 ℃ and completely burned 0.21 m3 of gas. It is known that the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2×103 J/(kg·℃) and the calorific value of gas is 4×107 J/m3. Try to find:

(1) How much heat is released when gas is completely burned?

(2) How much heat is absorbed by water.

(3) What is the efficiency of this water heater in boiling water.

Keywords: Free download of PPT courseware for ninth-grade physics from the People's Education Press, PPT download on the efficiency of heat engines, PPT download on the utilization of internal energy, .PPT format;

For more information about the PPT courseware "Utilization of Internal Energy and the Efficiency of Heat Engines", please click on the Utilization of Internal Energy ppt Efficiency of Heat Engines ppt tag.

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Update Time: 2024-10-20

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