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Authoritative PPT Summary
"The Efficiency of Heat Engines" Utilization of Internal Energy PPT Courseware 3
teaching objectives
Understand the definition and physical meaning of fuel calorific value.
Understand the mechanical efficiency of heat engines.
Learn to analyze heat loss and how to improve heat utilization.
1. Calorific value of fuel
Want to discuss
To boil a pot of water, what fuel would you choose? Why?
Experience tells us that boiling the same pot of water consumes different qualities of firewood, coal or other fuels. When consuming the same quality of coal, firewood or other fuels, the quality of water that can be boiled is different, that is, the amount of heat released is different.
It can be seen that different fuels have different heat release capabilities. We use the concept of calorific value to express the ability of fuel to release heat.
Read pages 22-24 of the textbook and clarify:
1. Energy conversion during fuel combustion.
2. Calorific value: definition, unit, physical meaning.
Ways to improve the efficiency of heat engines:
Make the fuel fully burn;
Minimize various heat losses;
Adopt advanced technology in the design and manufacturing of heat engines;
Pay attention to maintenance to ensure good lubrication and reduce additional energy consumption due to overcoming friction resistance.
Efficiency of various heat engines:
Steam engine: 6�~15�
Gasoline engine: 20�~30�
Diesel engine: 30�~40�
Jet engines on airplanes: 50�~60�
In-person test feedback
1. The average monthly consumption of a family of four using different types of fuel separately is: about 200 kilograms of firewood, about 80 kilograms of bituminous coal, about 30 kilograms of liquefied petroleum gas, and about 60 kilograms of coal gas. Among these four fuels, the one with the highest calorific value is ( )
A. Liquefied petroleum gas B. Gas
C. Bituminous coal D. Firewood
2. Rockets in the aerospace industry use liquid hydrogen as fuel. This is because liquid hydrogen has ( )
A. Smaller mass B. Smaller density
C. Larger specific heat capacity D. Larger calorific value
3. Regarding the calorific value of fuel, which of the following statements is correctly understood ( )
A. The calorific value of a fuel is directly proportional to the heat released when the fuel burns
B． Fuel has no calorific value when it is not burned
C. The calorific value of a certain fuel is a certain value, which has nothing to do with the quality of the fuel and the heat released by the combustion of the fuel.
D. Fuel that burns easily must have a high calorific value
4. Which of the following statements is incorrect ( )
A. When fuel burns, it converts chemical energy into internal energy
B． Most of the energy used by humans is obtained from the combustion of fuels
C. The heat released when l kg of a certain fuel is burned is called the calorific value of the fuel.
D. Improving fuel utilization is an important measure to save energy
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For more information about the PPT courseware "Utilization of Internal Energy and the Efficiency of Heat Engines", please click on the Utilization of Internal Energy ppt Efficiency of Heat Engines ppt tag.
"The Efficiency of Heat Engines" Utilization of Internal Energy PPT Courseware 4:
"The Efficiency of Heat Engines" Utilization of Internal Energy PPT Courseware 4 1 What is a heat engine? 2. How many strokes does a gasoline engine generally have? What are they? 3. How many strokes in one cycle correspond to how many times of work is done? How many turns does the flywheel make? 4In the process of heat transfer, what is the amount of energy transferred called...
"The Efficiency of Heat Engines" Utilization of Internal Energy PPT Courseware 2:
"The Efficiency of Heat Engines" Utilization of Internal Energy PPT Courseware 2 1. Calorific Value of Fuel I would like to discuss whether different fuels have the same ability to release heat? How do we compare which one of them has the stronger ability to release heat? The combustion of fuel is a chemical reaction. During the combustion process, the chemicals stored in the fuel...
"The Efficiency of Heat Engines" Utilization of Internal Energy PPT Courseware:
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