"The Economic Development of Western Europe and Japan" The development and changes of major capitalist countries after the war PPT courseware 3

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"The Economic Development of Western Europe and Japan" The development and changes of major capitalist countries after the war PPT courseware 3

The Second World War caused great damage to the economies and people's lives of European countries.

France lost its territory in the Great War in China, and production dropped significantly. Industrial output in early 1945 was less than half of that in 1938. 500,000 buildings were completely destroyed and 1.5 million were severely damaged. Only 1/3 of the locomotives and 1/10 of the trucks in the country can be used.

Although Britain is far away from the European continent, it was also attacked by fascist German aircraft and missiles during the war, causing casualties and damage to some urban buildings.

Western Europe in the physical geography concept refers to the area in western Europe bordering the Atlantic Ocean and nearby islands.

Politically speaking, Western Europe has 24 capitalist countries: Greece, Italy, San Marino, Malta, Spain, Andorra, Portugal, the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Monaco, the Federal Republic of Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Vatican City.

Reasons for the rapid economic recovery and development of Western Europe

Objective reasons: In order to deal with the Soviet Union, the United States gave large amounts of aid to Western European capitalist countries

Subjective reasons: Western European countries take advantage of their high-quality labor force, adopt the most advanced scientific and technological achievements, and vigorously develop education.

Subjective reasons: The government formulates appropriate economic development policies.

Beginning in 1951, the Federal Republic of Germany's economy entered a period of rapid development.

In the 1950s, the Federal Republic of Germany's GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7.5%, faster than the United States, Britain, and France, and second only to Japan.

In 1960, the gross national product of the Federal Republic of Germany reached more than 300 billion marks, making it the second largest economic power in the Western world after the United States and the largest economic power in Europe. It was not surpassed by Japan until 1968.

By the 1970s, the Federal Republic of Germany's share of industrial production in the capitalist world had jumped from 3.6% in 1948 to 10.1%.

European Union

Time: 1993

Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium

Overview: A single currency - the euro - will be gradually adopted

Political, economic and cultural connections within the EU:

People, capital and goods can circulate freely within EU member states, and people from different countries can freely work, study or live in any member state. At the same time, the EU also strives to act in unison on foreign affairs and national security. EU member states share resources and complement each other's advantages.

effect:

(1) Politically: At the same time, the EU also strives to be consistent in diplomacy and national security.

(2) Economically: Resource sharing and complementary advantages among EU member states are conducive to economic development, and the EU has become the largest economy in the world.

The purpose of European unity: to ensure its own security and international status, promote economic development, and deal with the two major powers, the United States and the Soviet Union.

Japan's Democratic Reform

1. Purge militarism (implement demilitarization)

2. Disband chaebols (eliminating the feudal rule of chaebol families over businesses)

3. Prohibit monopoly

4. Implement land reform (landlords can only keep one step of land, and the rest of the land is requisitioned and sold to farmers with little or no land)

Changes in U.S. policy toward Japan

Japan's economic recovery and development (1950s-1970s)

(1) Carry out social reforms and implement demilitarization policies.

(2) In the 1950s, the United States began to support Japan out of strategic needs.

(3) When the Korean War broke out, the United States purchased large quantities of military supplies from Japan, which stimulated Japan's economic prosperity.

Japan's rise

It clearly proposed to join the ranks of political powers.

Rearmament, military expenditure ranks second in the world.

In the name of international cooperation, troops have been sent overseas one after another.

It has repeatedly requested to become a permanent member of the Security Council in recent years.

After World War II, Western Europe and Japan were in ruins. However, within just a few decades, the economies of both countries have rapidly recovered and developed. What are the common reasons for Western Europe and Japan to achieve rapid economic development?

Common reasons:

1. Formulate appropriate economic development policies.

2. Vigorously introduce the most advanced science and technology, develop education, and cultivate talents.

3. Received aid or support from the United States.

Which of these experiences do you think China can learn from?

Be good at seizing opportunities and pay attention to strengthening international economic ties.

We must vigorously develop education and cultivate talents.

Actively introduce advanced technology and boldly innovate.

Adhere to reform and opening up and adhere to the socialist path.

Formulate an economic development strategy suitable for the country's national conditions.

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Update Time: 2024-10-23

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