"The Economic Crisis of the Capitalist World and Roosevelt's New Deal" PPT courseware of the Western World under the Versailles-Washington System

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"The Economic Crisis of the Capitalist World and Roosevelt's New Deal" PPT courseware of the Western World under the Versailles-Washington System

1. The economic crisis from 1929 to 1933

1. The economic “prosperity” of the capitalist world from 1924 to 1929

2. The outbreak of economic crisis

Outbreak signs:

On October 24, 1929, the New York Stock Exchange stock market crashed

Reason: Many contradictions lurk behind prosperity

Characteristics: Wide range, long duration, highly destructive

Impact: Severe economic crisis leads to political crisis

The root cause: the contradiction between the socialization of production and private ownership of the means of production;

Direct cause: contradiction between production and consumption;

The "Coolidge Boom" occurred during the Coolidge period (1923-1929). Large-scale standardized production methods have penetrated into the production of consumer goods such as radio products, refrigerators, and vacuum cleaners. The low prices of these products have allowed them to enter the homes of ordinary people. The United States is the first among Western countries to usher in the dawn of mass consumption.

In early 1929, the new President Hoover declared in his inaugural speech: "We have no worries about the future of our country. It is brilliant and full of hope."

However, the good times did not last long. With the collapse of the Wall Street stock market on October 24, 1929, the crisis first broke out in the United States. President Hoover basically continued the traditional laissez-faire policy, leaving the economic crisis unresolved.

Characteristics and manifestations of capitalist economic crisis:

Wide spread

Rapidly expanding to the capitalist world and many colonial and semi-colonial countries, agricultural, financial, commercial, industrial and other crises broke out simultaneously.

long lasting

up to 4 years

Destructive

The industrial output of the capitalist world dropped by 44% in 1933 compared with 1929, and the volume of international trade dropped by more than 60%.

In the economic crisis, on the one hand, there is a large number of product surpluses; on the other hand, the working people live a life of hunger and cold. What is the reason for this phenomenon?

1. The social system at that time determined that surplus products could not be distributed to the working people for free;

2. Product excess is only relative;

3. In pursuit of high profits, capitalists blindly expand production and lower workers’ wages, resulting in low purchasing power of working people.

2. Roosevelt’s New Deal

1. Background: The economic crisis was serious, Roosevelt took office as President of the United States and implemented the "New Deal"

2. The means and purposes of the New Deal

Use state intervention in the economy to revive the economy as soon as possible.

3. Main contents of the New Deal

4. The impact of the New Deal

What do you think of the U.S. government’s measures to restrict agricultural production and destroy agricultural products?

On the one hand, it has solved the problem of overproduction of agricultural products and played a certain role in agricultural recovery. The most profitable among them are the large farmers and planters;

On the other hand, destroying food and livestock to ensure profits is precisely proof of the decadence of capitalism.

Main contents of Roosevelt's New Deal

Reform the banking system

Pass the Emergency Banking Act to restore bank credit.

Banks revived and deposits increased rapidly.

Rectify agriculture

Limit the production of major agricultural products and destroy excess agricultural products.

Agricultural product production was brought under control and agriculture began to recover.

adjust industry

Adopt "Industrial Revitalization" and establish fair business regulations.

Strengthening government control over industrial production eased class conflicts.

build public works

The government organizes road construction, afforestation, water conservancy and other projects.

Increase employment opportunities and improve production and consumption capabilities.

What do you think is "new" about Roosevelt's New Deal?

1. The state intervenes in the economy to overcome laissez-faire competition and reduce or avoid the occurrence of economic crises;

2. Partial adjustment of production relations to move the United States from private monopoly capitalism to American-style state monopoly capitalism

Essence: partial adjustment of production relations on the premise of maintaining the capitalist system.

Material resolved

From 1935 to 1942, the Works Progress Administration established by the United States spent more than $13 billion, employed 8.5 million workers, and built 122,000 public buildings, 664,000 miles of new roads, 77,000 new bridges, and 285 new airports. and 24,000 miles of sewer. Parks, playgrounds, reservoirs, etc. were also built... When World War II broke out in 1939, the unemployed population in the United States still reached 9 million.

——Excerpted from the first volume of "World History·Modern History" edited by Wu Yuxi and Qi Shirong

1. What measures of Roosevelt’s New Deal are the materials talking about? What positive effect has it had?

2. What problems does the material reflect?

Class summary

The world economic crisis from 1929 to 1933 was the most profound and destructive crisis in the history of capitalism. It is rooted in the basic contradictions of capitalist society.

In the 1920s, the rapid development of the U.S. economy also intensified the contradiction between production and consumption, which directly led to the outbreak of the crisis.

Under the heavy blow of the crisis, major capitalist countries are looking for countermeasures. Through Roosevelt's New Deal, the United States alleviated the crisis to a large extent and created a new path for capitalism to continue to develop.

However, Germany and Japan have adopted completely different policies from the United States and embarked on another path.

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"The Economic Crisis of the Capitalist World and Roosevelt's New Deal" PPT Courseware 2 of the Western World under the Versailles-Washington System:

"The Economic Crisis of the Capitalist World and Roosevelt's New Deal" PPT Courseware of the Western World under the Versailles-Washington System 2 After World War I, what meetings did the capitalist countries hold? What's the impact? Conferences: In France: The Paris Peace Conference In the United States: The Washington Conference Versailles..

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

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