"The Achievements of Soviet Socialist Construction" Soviet Socialist Road and Exploration PPT Courseware

"The Achievements of Soviet Socialist Construction" Soviet Socialist Road and Exploration PPT Courseware

After the victory of the October Revolution, what economic policies did Soviet Russia adopt during the three-year civil war?

What are the results of the implementation of this policy?

The implementation of wartime communist policies maximized the mobilization of the country's financial and material resources, created the necessary material prerequisites for defending the Soviet power, and consolidated the Soviet power.

However, it also aroused dissatisfaction among the people, especially farmers, undermined the development of productivity, caused production decline, and social instability, which was not conducive to the long-term development of Soviet Russia.

The dangers of the policy of “war communism”

1. Farmers cannot bear the increasingly severe free requisitions and deliberately reduce production to resist grain requisitions. As a result, Russia's grain output in 1920 was only half of that in 1913, and the sown area in 1921 decreased by 6.9 million hectares compared with 1920. Anti-Soviet sentiment among the peasantry was growing.

2. The shortage of agricultural products and raw materials led to the suspension of production in most factories. In 1920, the industrial output value was only 13% of the pre-war level, and the output of coal and steel was only 28% and 4% of 1917. Workers lost their jobs in large numbers and began strikes and demonstrations.

Background of the implementation of new economic policies

1. After the civil war, Soviet Russia entered a period of peace construction. The first task facing the Soviet regime was to restore the economy that had been severely damaged by the war;

2. The old wartime communist policy can no longer adapt to the new situation.

1. Lenin’s exploration of the road to socialist construction

1. New economic policy:

Time: 1921

Main content: Allow multiple economies to coexist and vigorously develop the commodity economy.

Features: Utilizing commodity and currency relationships to develop economy

Role: Promote the recovery and development of the national economy

Through comparison, what are the differences between "War Communism Policy" and "New Economic Policy"?

The "war communist policy" was coercive economic rule; the "new economic policy" was the use of markets and commodity-monetary relations.

In this case, why didn’t Soviet Russia implement the “New Economic Policy” when it was first established?

The "war communist policy" was implemented when Soviet Russia was in shortage of materials. Under certain conditions, this policy played a huge role in consolidating the Soviet power, but its long-term implementation was not conducive to the long-term development of Soviet Russia.

What inspiration does the success of Soviet Russia’s implementation of the New Economic Policy give us?

1. Socialist construction must proceed from the basic national conditions of the country;

2. Adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts and act in accordance with the objective laws of economic development.

If the implementation of the New Economic Policy was the first major economic step taken by the Bolshevik Party in the process of building socialism, then the establishment of the Soviet Union was another major political step taken by the Party.

the founding of the soviet union

In December 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was established, referred to as the "Soviet Union".

The initial members were the Russian Federation, the Transcaucasian Federation, Ukraine and Belarus.

2. Socialist Construction in the Soviet Union

Stalin's Quest

Result: During the two five-year plans, the Soviet Union basically achieved national industrialization and agricultural collectivization.

In 1937, the total industrial output value ranked first in Europe and second in the world.

Role: It developed from an economically backward agricultural country into a world-class industrial power; its national defense strength was strengthened, laying a material foundation for defeating fascist aggression in the future.

Disadvantages: Causes imbalance in the proportion of heavy industry, agriculture, and light industry.

Enlightenment: Heavy industry, agriculture and light industry should develop in proportion.

Why did the Soviet Union give priority to the development of heavy industry?

1. The Soviet Union is surrounded by capitalism, and the danger of imperialism launching an anti-Soviet war still exists. In order to build socialism in the Soviet Union and avoid falling behind and being beaten, Stalin believed that it was necessary to complete the modernization of the national economy and establish an independent and complete socialist economic system, that is, to build the Soviet Union into a country that could not only produce general consumer goods, but also produce various machines. and equipment country.

2. Russia is economically backward, and will be beaten if it falls behind, so it must develop its national economy at a high speed.

1. Socialist industrialization

What were the reasons for the different paths of industrialization in the Soviet Union and those in capitalist countries?

1. Different social systems;

2. The industrialization of the Soviet Union was the most unprecedented undertaking in human history. There was no successful experience for reference, and it was the first experiment in building a new socialist society;

3. The starting economic foundation was different. The Soviet Union's industrialization was carried out under very difficult historical conditions. It was threatened and surrounded by imperialism from the outside, while the original domestic economic, cultural and technological foundation was very backward, and there was a shortage of funds.

2. Agricultural collectivization:

In order to enable the majority of farmers to take the road of common prosperity and adapt agriculture to the development of national industrialization, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) established the policy of agricultural collectivization.

By 1937, agricultural collectivization was completed throughout the Soviet Union. The farmers participating in collective farms accounted for 93% of the country's farmers, and the cultivated land area reached 99%, thus giving the socialist elements an absolute advantage in the entire national economy of the Soviet Union.

Characteristics of Stalin’s model

Economy: The state uses mandatory plans to manage all economic activities; it restricts commodity-currency relations and denies the role of the market; it uses practices that deprive farmers and restrict residents from improving their living standards to achieve high accumulation, high investment, and one-sided development of heavy industry.

Politics: Power is highly concentrated, and the construction of democracy and the rule of law is ignored. Leaders at all levels are actually appointed by superiors and are basically not subject to supervision by the masses; power is increasingly concentrated in the hands of a few people.

What is the background and role of this model?

The Stalin model was formed when the Soviet Union was surrounded by imperialism and its domestic economy and culture were relatively backward (background);

It has played a positive role in a certain historical stage, but this model has serious drawbacks. In the long run, it seriously hindered the further development (role) of the Soviet Union.

Disadvantages of Stalin’s model?

1. Prioritizing the development of heavy industry has caused agriculture and light industry to lag behind for a long time;

2. Under the planned economic system, one-sided emphasis on output value and output resulted in a small number of product varieties and poor quality;

3. The state has taken away too many things from farmers, seriously damaging the interests of farmers. Farmers have no enthusiasm for production, and agricultural output has stagnated for a long time;

4. Extensive development, low efficiency, and a large amount of consumption and waste of resources.

The inspiration of Stalin’s model to our country’s construction of socialism:

1. In the process of economic development, heavy industry, light industry, agriculture and other industries must develop in a coordinated manner;

2. Focus on economic construction, give full play to the role of the market, and meet the people’s growing material and cultural needs;

3. Pay attention to agricultural production, effectively protect farmers’ interests, and increase farmers’ enthusiasm for production;

4. Improve economic benefits, save resources, and implement sustainable development strategies.

5. In politics, we must prevent personal arbitrariness, oppose personality worship, and establish a sound socialist democracy and legal system (politics).

What were the characteristics of the Soviet socialist construction in the 1920s and 1930s?

The socialist construction in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s was generally characterized by twists and turns. There have been two major turning points. The first time occurred during the Lenin period, when the policy of war communism was transformed into the New Economic Policy; the second time occurred during the Stalin period, when the New Economic Policy was abandoned and industrialization and agricultural collectivization were implemented. The results and impacts of the two transitions are different.

(2012Guangdong)

22. Lenin said: "At the end of the civil war, Russia was like a man who had been beaten half to death... But now, thank God, he can actually walk around on crutches!" Russia "can walk around on crutches" beneficial to

A.War communism policy B.New economic policy

C.Socialist industrialization D.Agricultural collectivization

Answer: B

Analysis: This question examines the history of the Soviet Union and is of moderate difficulty. Although Russia's wartime communist policy ensured military victory, it dampened the enthusiasm of farmers. Later, the implementation of the New Economic Policy mobilized production enthusiasm. So the answer is choice B.

(Huanggang City, 2012)

32. (7 points) Institutional innovation is an important driving force for social development. Read the following material and answer questions.

Material 1: In 1921, Lenin said: "It is now clear that our attempt to implement the principles of socialist production and distribution by means of shock, that is, by simple, rapid and direct methods, has failed. ... The political situation shows us that On many economic issues, we must retreat to state capitalism and shift from shock to siege methods.”

——Quoted from "The History of the Rise of the Soviet Union"

Material 2: Since Roosevelt came to power in 1933, the United States has issued more than 700 laws and regulations, including the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Industrial Recovery Act, and the Federal Emergency Relief Act, and established dozens of agencies including the National Industrial Recovery Administration and the Federal Emergency Relief Agency. Commission and Authority, state expenditures amounted to $35 billion.

——Compiled from historical textbooks

Answer: (1) Change: Replace wartime communist policy with New Economic Policy.

Performance: Grain tax is used to replace the surplus grain collection system, or farmers can freely dispose of their own grain after paying the tax.

(2) The state comprehensively intervenes in the economy.

(3) Reasons: ① At that time, the Soviet Union made great achievements in economic construction and its comprehensive national strength continued to increase. ②A serious economic crisis broke out in the West.

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"The Achievements of Soviet Socialist Construction" Soviet Socialist Road and Exploration PPT Courseware 2:

"Achievements of Soviet Socialist Construction" Soviet Socialist Road and Exploration PPT Courseware 2 Read and think about what situation the Soviet government faced after the victory of the October Revolution? ⑴The joint attack of foreign intervention forces and domestic armed rebellion led Russia to enter a difficult three-year civil war.