"The Winding Road of Building Socialist Countries in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe" PPT courseware for the world under the bipolar pattern

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"The Winding Road of Building Socialist Countries in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe" PPT courseware for the world under the bipolar pattern

1. The establishment and development of socialist countries in Eastern Europe:

1. After World War II, some European and Asian countries successively embarked on the road of socialism, including 8 in Europe and 4 in Asia.

Which countries in Eastern Europe and Asia embarked on the path of socialist development after World War II?

Europe: Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, Democratic Germany, Albania, etc.

Asia: China, North Korea, Vietnam, Mongolia, etc.

2. Most of the socialist countries in Eastern Europe followed the Soviet model in economic construction, and the national economy has recovered and developed to a certain extent. However, there are also some shortcomings, such as serious imbalance in the economic structure, frustration of farmers' enthusiasm for production, lagging people's living standards, and neglect of the construction of democracy and the rule of law. And other issues.

2. Khrushchev’s reforms

(1) Background of Khrushchev’s reforms:

In March 1953, Stalin died. In September 1953, Khrushchev officially took office as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and became the supreme leader of the Soviet Union.

(2) Reasons:

The Stalin model is becoming increasingly rigid, and the shortcomings of its management system are increasingly exposed, gradually becoming an obstacle to social development.

For example: Industry developed rapidly, increasing 12 times from 1913 to 1950. Agriculture, however, stagnated and only increased by 40%. In 1953, the per capita food supply in the Soviet Union was lower than in 1913, while the Soviet population increased by 20% compared with 1913.

From this we can see the shortcomings of the economic structure of one-sided development of heavy industry under the Stalinist model.

(3) Contents of Khrushchev’s reforms

Economic sphere

In terms of agriculture, the purchase price of agricultural products is increased, machine tractor stations are cancelled, the autonomy of farms is expanded, wasteland is reclaimed on a large scale, and corn cultivation is promoted.

In terms of industry, the central management agencies will be streamlined and more than 10,000 enterprises directly under the central government will be handed over to local management; the economic management rights of the union republics and the management rights of the enterprises themselves will be expanded.

politics

Criticize the cult of personality, advocate collective leadership, and correct unjust, false, and erroneous cases; allow the public publication of literary works that expose the dark side of society under Stalin (thaw literature).

[Exploration] How do you think Khrushchev’s reforms should be evaluated?

Reason for failure:

First, the reform lacks correct guiding ideology.

Second, he went back on his word in terms of policies, and in terms of specific practices, he only made minor repairs to the original economic system. In addition, his style lacked the spirit of seeking truth from facts, and he put forward some unrealistic slogans and goals, all of which led to the failure of his reforms.

Positive significance: 1. Certain results have been achieved. 2. It lifted the lid on the contradictions and shortcomings of the old Soviet system and changed some aspects of the old system that were not suitable for the development of productive forces.

Negative meanings: 1. The fundamentals of the Soviet political and economic model were not touched upon. The form of the reform was greater than the content, and the shortcomings of the Soviet model were not fundamentally resolved. 2. The historical limitations shown by individuals.

3. Reforms in Socialist Countries in Eastern Europe—Hungarian Reforms

(1) Reason:

Most of the socialist countries in Eastern Europe followed the Soviet model in economic construction, and the national economy has recovered and developed to a certain extent. However, there are also some shortcomings, such as serious imbalance in the economic structure, frustration of farmers' enthusiasm for production, lagging people's living standards, and neglect of the construction of democracy and the rule of law. . Among them, Hungarian reforms are more prominent.

(2) Hungarian reforms

1. The trigger: Hungarian incident

2. Content

Politically

Improve the party's leadership, promote socialist democracy, improve the legal system, and stabilize the political situation

Economically

Slow down the development of heavy industry and give priority to the development of agriculture and light industry (development policy)

Reduce the burden on farmers, increase farmers' income, open farmers' markets, and use economic means such as prices and taxes to adjust (agricultural policy)

Management system reforms have also been carried out in industry.

3. The results of Hungary’s reforms

For a period of time, the economy developed rapidly, the market became more prosperous, and people's lives improved greatly.

(The income of some urban workers has increased; agriculture has continued to develop. In 1984, per capita grain production ranked among the top 5 in the world)

In the 1980s, it was once again in trouble.

At the beginning of 1988, China had a foreign debt of US$16 billion and a per capita foreign debt of US$1,500, ranking first among Eastern European countries.

training feedback

1. The breakthrough point of Khrushchev’s reforms was ( )

A. Develop heavy industry B. Light industry

C. Agriculture D. Opposition to personality cult

2. In the 1970s, the country known as the “Paradise of Eastern European Consumers” was ( )

A. Czechoslovakia B. Hungary

C. Soviet Union D. Yugoslavia

3. While Hungary was carrying out socialist reforms, most other socialist countries in Eastern Europe also carried out reforms. The results of these reforms were ( )

A. Did not achieve the expected results

B. Lead to the outbreak of civil war

C. Alleviating domestic social conflicts

D. Achieve great achievements

4. Czechoslovakia’s reforms were interrupted by _____’s interference. ( )

A. United States B. United Kingdom

C. France D. Soviet Union

1. Countries in Eastern Europe and Asia that took the road of socialism after World War II Europe: Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, Democratic Germany, and Albania.

2. Khrushchev’s reforms

①Time: 1950s and 1960s

②Content: Aiming at some of the shortcomings of the Stalin period, reforms were carried out in agriculture, industry and politics.

③ Result: Certain effects were achieved, but the fundamentals of the Soviet model were not touched.

3. Hungarian reforms:

①Politics: Carry forward socialist democracy, improve the legal system, and stabilize the political situation.

②Economy: Reduce farmers’ burden, increase farmers’ income, and open farmers’ markets.

③ Result: The political and economic situation in Hungary was gradually stabilized, laying a good foundation for the comprehensive economic reform in the 1960s and 1970s.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "The Winding Road to the Construction of Socialist Countries in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe under the Bipolar Structure of the World", please click on the Twisted Road to the Construction of the Socialist Countries in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the World under the Bipolar Structure ppt tag.

"The Winding Road of the Construction of Socialist Countries in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe" The world under the bipolar pattern PPT courseware 2:

"The Winding Road of the Construction of Socialist Countries in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe" The World under the Bipolar Pattern PPT Courseware 2 Learning Objectives 1. Understand the causes, content and results of Khrushchev's reforms; analyze the reasons for failure 2. Memorize Eastern European socialism after World War II Country; know about Hungary..

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Update Time: 2024-11-17

This template belongs to History courseware Ninth Grade History Volume 2, published by Zhonghua Book Company industry PPT template

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