"The Westernization Movement and the Development of Modern National Industry" PPT courseware on modern China in the tide of industrial civilization in the mid-to-late 19th century

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"The Westernization Movement and the Development of Modern National Industry" PPT courseware on modern China in the tide of industrial civilization in the mid-to-late 19th century

Part One: Westernization Movement

What is the Westernization Movement?

Refers to the period from the 1860s to the 1890s when some officials in the Qing government, under the banner of "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth", adopted advanced Western production technology to create modern military industries, civilian industries, a modern navy and new schools. , a self-rescue movement in an attempt to get rid of internal and external troubles and maintain the feudal rule of the Qing government.

Westernizationists: Some enlightened officials within the Qing Dynasty ruling group who advocated using advanced Western production technology to strengthen the army and enrich the country, get rid of difficulties, and maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

Knowledge sorting

1. Time: 1860s to 1890s.

2. Background: After the Second Opium War, the Qing Dynasty was in trouble both internally and externally.

① Internal worries - the Taiping Rebellion, which dealt a heavy blow to the feudal rulers.

② Foreign aggression - the Qing government suffered defeats in both Opium Wars.

3. Purpose: Use advanced Western technology to maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

4. Leaders: Landowning class Westernizers.

Representative figures:

Yixin, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo Zongtang, Zhang Zhidong, etc.

5. Flags: "Self-improvement" (early stage), "Seeking wealth" (later stage).

6. Content:

① Under the banner of "self-improvement", introduce advanced Western production technology, establish new military industries, and train new naval and army forces.

② Under the banner of "seeking wealth", various new civilian industries will be established.

③Establish new schools, send overseas students, and cultivate translation, military and scientific and technological talents.

7. Result: During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894, the entire Beiyang Fleet was annihilated, declaring the bankruptcy of the Westernization Movement.

8. Nature: It is a failed self-rescue movement of the landlord class.

9. Impact: The Westernization Movement brought about many changes in China's social outlook.

(1) The introduction of a large number of Western technologies and machines promoted the production and development of China's modern industry.

(2) The Westernization Movement played a certain role in resisting foreign economic aggression, and also played a certain role in promoting the disintegration of the traditional natural economy.

(3) At the same time, the Westernization Movement also cultivated a group of talents with a deeper understanding of Western affairs, which was of great help to future reforms.

The Westernization Movement opened up the way for China's modernization and was the beginning of China's modernization.

PPT on the Westernization Movement and the Development of Modern National Industry, Part Two: The Development of Modern National Industry

Knowledge sorting

1. The emergence of modern national industry

(1) Background: After the Opium War, foreign companies gradually emerged in the treaty ports. Stimulated by the huge profits from foreign-owned enterprises and Westernization civilian enterprises, some bureaucrats, landlords and businessmen introduced advanced foreign production technology and machinery, invested in the establishment of modern enterprises, and began to transform into the bourgeoisie.

(2) Time: 1860s and 1970s.

2. Characteristics of modern national industry:

(1) Region: Mainly distributed in the southeastern coastal areas.

(2) Industry: Mainly daily light industry, including ship machinery repair industry, silk reeling industry, cotton spinning industry, flour industry, match industry and printing industry.

(3) Scale: Small, weak, and difficult to develop.

3. The initial development of modern national industry

(1) Background: After the Sino-Japanese War, in order to expand tax sources and solve the financial crisis, the Qing government relaxed restrictions on private factories, and a wave of industrial establishments appeared in China.

(2) Influence: At the end of the 19th century, China's national industry achieved initial development, and the national bourgeoisie began to appear on the historical stage as a new political force.

PPT on the Westernization Movement and the Development of Modern National Industry, Part Three: Class Summary

Westernization Movement

Background: internal and external troubles

Time: 1860s to 1990s

Purpose: To maintain the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty

Representative figures:

Center: Yi�

Place: Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo Zongtang, Zhang Zhidong

content

Establishing a new military industry - "Self-improvement" (Jiangnan Manufacturing Administration)

Establishing a new civilian industry - "seeking wealth" (Steamship Investment Promotion Bureau)

Created the modern navy (three navies of Beiyang, Nanyang and Fujian)

Founded a new school (Jingshi Tongwen Hall)

evaluate

Result: Bankruptcy

Nature: A failed self-rescue movement of the landlord class

The Westernization Movement - opened the way for China's modernization and was the beginning of China's modernization

The development of modern national industry

Time of production: 1860s and 1970s.

Features

Region: Mainly distributed in the southeastern coastal areas.

Industry: Mainly daily light industry

Scale: Small, weak, and difficult to develop.

Initial development: At the end of the 19th century, China's national industry achieved initial development, and the national bourgeoisie began to appear on the historical stage as a new political force.

Representative figure: Zhang Jian, the number one industrialist

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Update Time: 2024-09-06

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