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"The War between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty" "Pluralistic Integration" Pattern and High-level Development of Civilization PPT
Part One: The Rise of the Jurchen Tribe and the Establishment of the Jin Dynasty
Live in Heilongjiang, Songhua River Basin and Changbai Mountain area.
At the end of the 10th century, some Jurchens began to engage in agriculture, gradually learned to smelt iron, and were able to make iron tools and weapons. The Jurchens' animal husbandry is relatively prosperous.
In the 11th century, the Jurchen Wanyan tribe gradually unified the various Jurchen tribes.
It is rich in mink fur, gold, pearls, ginseng, and falcon (Haitongqing).
Aguda (AD 1068-1123) was the founder of the Jin Kingdom. He was born in the Wanyan tribe of Zhenzhen. In 1113 AD, Aguda succeeded Dubo Jilie (the great chief), unified the neighboring tribes, and launched the anti-Liao war. In 1115 AD, Aguda officially established the country and proclaimed himself emperor, and the country was named Daijin. After the founding of the Jin Dynasty, Agu ordered Wanyan Xiyin to produce Jurchen texts, and then made an agreement with the Song Dynasty to jointly attack the Liao Dynasty. Unfortunately, he died of illness on the eve of the fall of the Liao Dynasty.
The peace and war between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty PPT, the second part: the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty
In 1125, Jin destroyed the decadent Liao Dynasty.
In 1126, the Jin army captured the capital of the Song Dynasty.
In 1127, Jin kidnapped more than 3,000 people including Song Huizong, Song Qinzong and their concubines, and also plundered a large number of treasures and artifacts. The Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed, which was known as the "Jingkang Incident" in history.
PPT on the war between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, the third part: the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty and Yue Fei's resistance to the Jin Dynasty
1. The establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty
In 1127, Zhao Gou proclaimed himself emperor and made his capital Lin'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). It was called the Southern Song Dynasty in history. Zhao Gou was Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty.
The reasons why Lin'an was the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty:
A. Located south of the Yangtze River, at the mouth of the Qiantang River and at the southern end of the canal, it is a hub for water transportation and one of the distribution centers for materials.
B. There is the sea in the east (convenient for shipping and easy access to the sea to avoid enemies), and the rich Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions in the south, with sufficient financial resources and the most beautiful West Lake in the world.
2. Yue Fei resists gold
History: Yue Fei, the famous anti-Jin general, led the Yue Family Army to defeat the Jin Army many times and recovered some of the lost territory in the north; in 1140, the Yue Family Army achieved a great victory in Yancheng, and the anti-Jin Dynasty situation improved.
In 1140, General Wu Shu of the Jin Army led more than 10,000 cavalry to attack the Southern Song Army in the city of Yǎn (now part of Henan). Yue Fei cleverly arranged the formation and defeated the many with less, and won the battle of Yancheng.
Death of Yue Fei: Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty was eager to seek peace, but was also afraid that Yue Fei would support his military self-respect, so he removed Yue Fei's military power and killed him on the charge of "rebellion". The results of the resistance against the Jin Dynasty were ruined.
3. The formation of the confrontation between Song and Jin Dynasties
Evaluation of "Shaoxing Peace Conference"
Negative impact: The Shaoxing Peace Treaty was the result of the Southern Song Dynasty government begging for surrender to the Jin Dynasty. The peace treaty was unequal. "Sui coins" brought a heavy burden to the people of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Positive impact: Objectively, the two sides have reduced wars and achieved a longer period of relative stability and peace, which is conducive to the recovery and development of the economies of the north and the south, and is conducive to friendly exchanges between people of all ethnic groups.
PPT on the war between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, part 4: Jin’s sinicization reform
1. Background: After the peace talks between the Song and Jin Dynasties, the Jin Dynasty occupied the area north of the Huaihe River. In order to strengthen their control over the farming areas of the Central Plains, the Jin rulers moved the Jurchens to the Central Plains on a large scale, actively restored and developed agricultural production, and moved the capital to Yanjing in 1153, naming it Zhongdu.
Summary: How will the emperor of the Jin Dynasty strengthen his rule over the Central Plains?
1. Move the capital to Yanjing, the center of rule.
2. Restore and develop agricultural production in the Central Plains.
3. Politically, a centralized administrative agency was established based on the Song Dynasty system.
4. Encourage intermarriage between Jurchens and Han people, and "adopt Han customs in terms of language, clothing, etc."
Impact: The further integration of various ethnic groups is an important period for the formation of a multi-ethnic country.
PPT on the war between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, part 5: Exploring historical principles
The wars between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Liao and Xixia, and between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty were just brotherly disputes within the Chinese nation, not wars of aggression and counter-aggression.
In terms of its justice, the Liao, Xixia, and Jin regimes at that time launched wars for the purpose of plundering and expanding their power, which was unjust; the struggle of the soldiers and civilians of the Song Dynasty against the Liao, Xixia, and Jin safeguarded the social stability of the Central Plains and the South. Relatively stable and productive development is just.
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