"The Turbulent Middle East" Independence and Revitalization of Asian, African and Latin American Countries PPT Courseware 4

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"The Turbulent Middle East" Independence and Revitalization of Asian, African and Latin American Countries PPT Courseware 4

1. The war-torn Middle East

1. The geographical location of the Middle East

"Middle East" generally refers to the area connecting Europe, Asia, and Africa, mainly the western part of Asia. The name comes from the fact that in the past, people centered on Europe and called various places in the East according to their distance.

"Near East", "Middle East" and "Far East".

Nowadays, the “Middle East” generally refers to the area connected by Europe, Asia and Africa. Including Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Iran and other countries. The total area is 7 million square kilometers and the population is over 100 million. Most of the Middle East are Arab countries that are dominated by Arabs and believe in Islam. Israel is also included in the “Middle East”. The Middle East is a transportation hub for Europe, Asia and Africa, and its strategic location is very important. The Middle East is extremely rich in oil resources, and its oil reserves account for more than 60% of the entire Western world.

2. The formation of the Palestinian issue

A. Palestine, known as Canaan in ancient times, is located in western Asia and the east coast of the Mediterranean. It is a transportation hub for Europe, Asia and Africa, and its strategic position is very important. It was once a place where Arabs and Jews lived together. In the 1st century AD, the Jewish state perished and the Jews fled their homes and dispersed around the world. The Zionist movement that emerged at the end of the 19th century caused a large number of Jews to immigrate to Palestine, and led to many bloody conflicts with the local Arabs.

B. After World War I, Palestine became a British "mandate", and Britain agreed to establish a "Jewish National Home" in Palestine.

C. The Jewish experience of persecution in World War II gained much sympathy from the world. After the war, the United Nations passed the Palestinian partition resolution, stipulating the establishment of a Jewish state and an Arab state in the Palestinian territories, and the internationalization of Jerusalem.

D. The State of Israel was proclaimed in 1948, but the State of Palestine was not born. (The Palestinian state has not yet been born.) Since then, fighting has continued in the region.

2. Complex contradictions in the Middle East

What are the main reasons for the frequent wars, complicated conflicts, and difficult and unusual peace process in the Middle East?

3. Religious disputes and cultural differences in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict

The complex history, religion, race and other factors in the Middle East

Palestine was the home of the ancient Jews. In the 1st century AD, foreign invaders invaded, and they fled their homes and scattered around the world. Palestine became part of the Arab Empire in the 7th century. Arabs have lived here for about 1,300 years.

At the end of the 19th century, the Jews launched a restoration movement and moved to Palestine. After World War I, Britain obtained the "mandate" rights in the region and supported the Zionist state. Jews began to move into Palestine in large numbers, and conflicts with the Arabs intensified. After World War II, the United States, the Soviet Union and other countries supported the Zionist state, and the United Nations General Assembly passed the "Partition and Rule" plan, which caused widespread dissatisfaction in neighboring Arab countries.

Reasons for unrest:

(1) Competition between major powers is an important source of constant conflicts in the Middle East.

The Middle East has an important strategic position and is rich in oil resources. The region has become a hot spot for world powers in various historical periods.

(2) Historical, religious, racial and other factors make conflicts in the Middle East more complicated.

(3) Competition for water resources also intensifies conflicts.

(4) The issue of sovereignty and ownership of Jerusalem is the most thorny issue in Palestinian-Israeli relations. The Palestinian-Israeli conflict has become the key issue in the Middle East.

4. Can war solve the Palestinian-Israeli problem and achieve peace in the Middle East? Why?

Answer: No; because for more than half a century, five large-scale wars have broken out around the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, and small-scale bloody conflicts have also occurred from time to time. This has seriously affected the economic and social development process of the region, and has also had a negative impact on the development of the region. Peace in the Middle East poses a serious threat. To truly realize peace in the Middle East requires unremitting efforts from both Palestine and Israel, as well as the international community.

The characteristics of the situation in the Middle East are ( )

①Rich resources ②Unrest

③Ethnic relations are complex; ④Wars are frequent; ⑤Great powers interfere in regional affairs.

A、①②④B、②④

C、②③④⑤ D、①③⑤

Since the end of World War II, the Middle East has been turbulent for the following reasons:

①Geographical and strategic location is important

②Rich oil resources

③Competition between great powers

④History, religion, race and other factors

⑤Struggle for water resources

A、①②④⑤B、②③④

C、①②③④⑤ D、①③⑤

practice

1. Israel and Palestine reached an agreement, and peace in the Middle East took a turn for the better ()

A.1948 B.1958 C.1973 D.1993

2. Which of the following statements is incorrect ()

A. The Palestinian issue is the focus of the Arab-Israeli conflict. B. There have been two wars in the Middle East.

C. The conflict between Palestine and Israel is still escalating and intensifying to this day. D. The Iran-Iraq war lasted for eight years

3. The focus and core of the Middle East peace issue is ()

A. Historical issues B. Religious sect issues

C.Palestine issue D.Great power struggle for hegemony

Practice to consolidate

1. Choice:

After World War II, which historical event directly triggered the first Middle East War? ( )

A. Britain and France invaded Egypt B. The state of Israel was established in Palestine

C. Egypt and Syria attempt to regain lost territory

D. Israel launched surprise attacks on Arab countries

2. Historical Clinic

1. After World War I, Britain obtained the "mandatory power" over the Palestinian area. ( )

2. In 1949, the Jewish state of Israel was established. ( )

3. Four wars occurred between Arab countries and the State of Israel, known as the Middle East Wars in history. ( )

4. The geographical and strategic location of the Middle East is extremely important, but its oil resources are very poor. ( )

3. Short answer question: Where is the importance and complexity of the Middle East?

Answer: A. Importance: important transportation status; important strategic position; huge economic value.

B. Complexity: ① The interference of major powers in regional affairs has made territorial disputes serious; ② Complex ethnic conflicts, sharp religious struggles, etc.; ③ The shortage of water resources has intensified the competition between the two sides; ④ Decades of struggle have deepened the relationship between the two sides. hatred and fall into a vicious cycle of continuous revengeful behavior.

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Update Time: 2024-10-20

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