"The Turbulent Middle East" Independence and Revitalization of Asian, African and Latin American Countries PPT Courseware 3

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"The Turbulent Middle East" Independence and Revitalization of Asian, African and Latin American Countries PPT Courseware 3

1. The war-torn Middle East

1. The geographical location of the Middle East

"Middle East" generally refers to the area connecting Europe, Asia, and Africa, mainly the western part of Asia. The name comes from the fact that in the past, people centered on Europe and called various parts of the East the "Near East", "Middle East" and "Far East" according to their distance.

Nowadays, the “Middle East” generally refers to the area connected by Europe, Asia and Africa. Including Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Iran and other countries. The total area is 7 million square kilometers and the population is over 100 million. Most of the Middle East are Arab countries that are dominated by Arabs and believe in Islam. Israel is also included in the “Middle East”. The Middle East is a transportation hub for Europe, Asia and Africa, and its strategic location is very important. The Middle East is extremely rich in oil resources, and its oil reserves account for more than 60% of the entire Western world.

2. The emergence of the Middle East problem

①The historical origin of the Middle East issue

A. Palestine, known as Canaan in ancient times, is located in western Asia and the east coast of the Mediterranean. It is a transportation hub for Europe, Asia and Africa, and its strategic position is very important. It was once a place where Arabs and Jews lived together. In the 1st century AD, the Jewish state perished and the Jews fled their homes and dispersed around the world. In the 7th century Palestine became part of the Arab Empire. The Zionist movement that emerged at the end of the 19th century caused a large number of Jews to immigrate to Palestine, and led to many bloody conflicts with the local Arabs.

B. After World War I, Palestine became a British "mandate", and Britain agreed to establish a "Jewish National Home" in Palestine.

②Palestine-Israeli partition

A. The Jewish experience of persecution in World War II gained much sympathy from the world. After the war, the United Nations passed the Palestinian partition resolution, stipulating the establishment of a Jewish state and an Arab state in the Palestinian territories, and the internationalization of Jerusalem.

B. The State of Israel was proclaimed in 1948, but the State of Palestine was not born. (The Palestinian state has not yet been born.) Since then, fighting has continued in the region.

Serious consequences of the war in the Middle East:

①Causing a large number of casualties on both sides. According to incomplete statistics, about 30,000 Israelis were killed or injured in the war, and more than 100,000 Arabs were killed or injured.

②Create the Palestinian refugee problem. Millions of Palestinian Arabs were driven from their homes and became refugees.

③ Heavy military spending has seriously restricted economic development. The war has burdened Arab countries with a heavy burden of military expenditures, high debts, poor people's livelihood, severe damage to infrastructure, and serious economic losses. In order to guard against Arab countries, Israel has mobilized all its citizens and has maintained huge military expenditures for many years. The proportion of its defense expenditures in the government ranks first in the world.

④The more serious consequence is that both Palestine and Israel have been trapped in a vicious cycle of retaliation and counter-retaliation for a long time, seriously threatening world peace and development.

2: The complex contradictions in the Middle East

1. Geographical location and strategic location are important

2. Rich in oil resources

3. Competition for water resources

The Middle East has few water resources and a dry climate, which has a huge impact on the development of Middle Eastern countries and people's lives. Therefore, the distribution and competition for water resources such as rivers and lakes have become an important cause of turmoil in Palestine, Israel, and even the Middle East.

4. Religious disputes and ethnic conflicts

Jews are concentrated in Israel and mainly believe in Judaism.

Three: Key figures in the Middle East peace process

Arafat

(Soul of the Palestinian Nation, late leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization)

Chanting: “Land for peace.”

“I carry the olive branch and the gun of the freedom fighter, don’t let the olive branch fall from my hand.”

Rabin

(Former Prime Minister of Israel)

“I dream of Israelis and Palestinians living together in peace on this land.”

On November 4, 1995, at a peace rally of 100,000 people held in Tel Aviv Square, 75-year-old Rabin was assassinated by a Jewish Israeli far-right extremist.

Analyze the importance of the Middle East region and the complexity of Middle East issues.

Importance: This area has the Suez Canal connecting three continents and is rich in oil. Therefore, its transportation status is important; its strategic position is important; and its economic value is huge.

Complexity:

1. Major powers interfere in regional affairs, causing serious territorial disputes;

2. It has deep historical roots, complex ethnic conflicts, sharp religious struggles, etc.;

3. The local water resources are extremely scarce, which intensifies the competition between the two parties;

4. Decades of struggle have deepened the hatred between the two sides and trapped them in a vicious cycle of continuous revengeful acts.

The future of the Middle East

1. Use peaceful means rather than the use of force.

2. Allocate water resources rationally.

3. Seek cultural identity.

4. Solve the Palestinian refugee problem.

5. The Middle East policies of major powers.

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Update Time: 2024-10-25

This template belongs to History courseware People's Education Press Ninth Grade History Volume 2 industry PPT template

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