"The Turbulent Middle East" Independence and Revitalization of Asian, African and Latin American Countries PPT Courseware 2

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"The Turbulent Middle East" Independence and Revitalization of Asian, African and Latin American Countries PPT Courseware 2

content standards

Know about the war in the Middle East and understand the complexity of post-war conflicts in the Middle East.

Textbook analysis

1. The war-torn Middle East

2. The complex contradictions in the Middle East

Middle East location

"Middle East" generally refers to the area connecting Europe, Asia, and Africa, mainly the western part of Asia. The name comes from the fact that in the past, people centered on Europe and called various parts of the East the "Near East", "Middle East" and "Far East" according to their distance.

Nowadays, the “Middle East” generally refers to the area connected by Europe, Asia and Africa. Including Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Iran and other countries. The total area is 7 million square kilometers and the population is over 100 million.

The Middle East is the customary name used by Western countries for Eastern countries such as Egypt in West Asia and North Africa that are relatively close to Europe. )place. The political concept of the Middle East issue refers to the conflict between Arab countries (including Palestine) and Israel, also known as the Arab-Israeli conflict.

One ancestor, two major nations, three diasporas, five wars

Palestine, known as Canaan in ancient times, is located in the west of Asia and on the east coast of the Mediterranean. It is a transportation hub for Europe, Asia and Africa, and its strategic position is very important. It was once a place where Arabs and Jews lived together, but later the Jews moved away one after another. Since the end of the 19th century, the Zionist movement has emerged and has been supported by the United Kingdom, the United States and other countries. Jews have moved in large numbers from various places to Palestine, which covers an area of ​​only 27,000 square kilometers.

On November 29, 1947, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 181, which approved the "partition" of Palestine and the establishment of a Jewish state and an Arab state. The city of Jerusalem (the holy land of Judaism, Islam, and Christianity), Israel occupied the entire Jerusalem area through two wars in 1948 and 1967, and declared Jerusalem as the permanent and indivisible capital in July 1980. In November 1988, in Al The Declaration of Independence adopted at the 19th Special Session of the Palestinian National Council in Gijers declared Jerusalem as the capital of the newly established State of Palestine) and an international city under the jurisdiction of the United Nations, with its ownership to be determined.

(1) Origin of the Palestinian issue:

① Both Jews and Arabs have lived in Palestine historically.

②After World War I, Britain obtained the Mandate for Palestine. Britain supported the Jewish Zionist movement, and a large number of Jews moved to Palestine.

(2) The partition of Palestine and Israel and the four Middle East wars

After World War II, the United Nations adopted a resolution to "partition" Palestine and establish a Jewish state and an Arab state.

In 1948, the Jewish state of Israel was established

Four Middle East wars broke out from 1948 to 1973

The First Middle East War (Palestinian War, Israeli War of Independence 1948.5.15-1949.7.20) On May 14, 1948, Israel declared its founding. The next day, some Arab countries declared war and attacked Israel in order to boycott the establishment of the state of Israel. As a result, the Arab countries were defeated.

The Second Middle East War (British-French-Israeli invasion of Egypt, Suez Canal War, Battle of Sinai, Operation Kadesh 1956.10.29-11.7) On July 26, 1956, Egypt announced that it would nationalize the Suez Canal Company. Britain, France, Therefore, they jointly launched an attack on Egypt. Britain and France won with a combined force.

The Third Middle East War (June 5th War, June War, Six-Day War 1967.6.5-6.11) On June 5, Israel brazenly launched surprise attacks on Arab countries such as Egypt, Syria, and Jordan. Israel won and occupied all of Palestine, including Jerusalem, and the Sinai Peninsula region of Egypt.

The Fourth Middle East War (October War, Ramadan War, and Yom Kippur War 1973.10.6-10.26) Egypt and Syria attacked Israel in order to recover the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights lost in the third Middle East War. The United States and the Soviet Union Provide weapons to both sides.

The Fifth Middle East War (Lebanon War 1982.6.6-9.29) Israel used the excuse that its ambassador to the United Kingdom was assassinated by Palestinian armed forces, sent troops to occupy Lebanese territory, attacked the PLO and its armed forces in Lebanon, and fought with the Syrian army in Lebanon war. It was the largest war between Afghanistan and Israel, and the Israeli army won.

2. The complex contradictions in the Middle East

(1) Extremely important geographical location and strategic position

(2) The complex history, religion, race and other factors in the Middle East

Palestine was the home of the ancient Jews. In the 1st century AD, foreign invaders invaded, and they fled their homes and scattered around the world. Palestine became part of the Arab Empire in the 7th century. Arabs have lived here for about 1,300 years.

At the end of the 19th century, the Jews launched a restoration movement and moved to Palestine. After World War I, Britain obtained the "mandate" rights in the region and supported the Zionist state. Jews began to move into Palestine in large numbers, and conflicts with the Arabs intensified. After World War II, the United States, the Soviet Union and other countries supported the Zionist state, and the United Nations General Assembly passed the "Partition and Rule" plan, which caused widespread dissatisfaction in neighboring Arab countries.

(3) Land and water sources of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict

(4) The sovereignty and ownership of Jerusalem - the focus of the conflict and the key to peace

Reasons for unrest:

(1) Competition between major powers is an important source of constant conflicts in the Middle East.

The Middle East has an important strategic location and is rich in oil resources. Therefore, the region has become a hot spot for world powers in various historical periods.

(2) Historical, religious, racial and other factors make conflicts in the Middle East more complicated.

(3) Competition for water resources also intensifies conflicts.

(4) The issue of sovereignty and ownership of Jerusalem is the most thorny issue in Palestinian-Israeli relations. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has become the key issue in the Middle East.

The future of the Middle East

(1) Use peaceful means instead of using force.

(2) Reasonably allocate water resources.

(3) Seeking cultural identity.

(4) Solve the Palestinian refugee problem.

(5) The Middle East policies of major powers.

Classroom training

1. Israel and Palestine reached an agreement, and peace in the Middle East took a turn for the better ( )

A.1948 B.1958 C.1973 D.1993

2. Which of the following statements is incorrect ( )

A. The Palestinian issue is the focus of the Arab-Israeli conflict B. There have been two wars in the Middle East

C. The conflict between Palestine and Israel is still escalating and intensifying to this day. D. The Iran-Iraq war lasted for eight years

3. The focus and core of the Middle East peace issue is ( )

A. Historical issues B. Religious sect issues

C.Palestinian issueD.Great power struggle for hegemony

4. Can war solve the Palestinian-Israeli problem and achieve peace in the Middle East? Why?

cannot. Because for more than half a century, five large-scale wars have broken out around the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, and small-scale bloody conflicts have also occurred from time to time. This has seriously affected the economic and social development process of the region, and has also had a negative impact on peace in the Middle East. posed a serious threat. To truly realize peace in the Middle East requires unremitting efforts from both Palestine and Israel, as well as the international community.

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Update Time: 2024-09-16

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