"The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" PPT courseware on the invasion of China by foreign powers and the salvation plan during the Wanqing period

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"The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" PPT courseware on the invasion of China by foreign powers and the salvation plan during the Wanqing period

Situation import

Material 1. In the five years from 1840 to 1845, the import volume of British cotton textiles increased more than four times. The reason is that its goods are cheap and high-quality!

Material 2: The import of opium has surged year after year, and a large amount of silver has flowed out. The average annual outflow of silver was 35 million taels, accounting for about one-half of the Qing government's annual fiscal revenue. The price of silver continued to rise. In 1838, one tael of silver could be exchanged for 1,600 copper coins. In 1849, it had risen to 2,350 copper coins.

Material 3: The corrupt Qing government, in order to pay 20 million yuan in war reparations and make up for the 70 million yuan in military expenditures during the war, tried its best to plunder and continuously increased donations and taxes. "Corrupt officials are worse than robbers, and ruthless officials are no better than tigers and wolves. The people's wealth is gone and the people are in extreme misery!"

Material 4: Guangxi’s land is barren and its people are poor. Floods, droughts, and locust plagues continue and the disasters are serious.

What historical information can you draw from the four sources above?

Jintian Uprising (beginning)

reason:

(1) Fundamental reasons: Foreign capitalist aggression and corruption of the Qing government led to intensification of social conflicts

① Opium smuggling led to the outflow of silver and a surge in silver prices; ② The influx of foreign goods led to the bankruptcy of traditional handicraft industries; ③ Huge indemnities increased the burden on the people

(2) Direct cause: consecutive natural disasters

background:

After the scholar Hong Xiuquan failed the fourth imperial examination, he founded a special religious organization-the God Worship Association with his friends Feng Yunshan and others.

Political views:

Worshiping God will preach that everyone is equal before God and that God is "omnipresent and omnipotent."

He strictly drank alcohol, smoked opium, and opposed foot binding.

It satisfied the poor and innocent people's strong yearning for equality and food and clothing, attracted a large number of believers, and laid the political and ideological foundation for the Jintian Uprising.

Time: January 1851

Leader: Hong Xiuquan

Location of the uprising: Jintian Village, Guiping, Guangxi

Founding number: Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

Capital Tianjing (development)

Time: March 1853

Capital: Nanjing was renamed Tianjing and designated as the capital

Measures: In the winter of 1853, the "Chinese Land Acre System" was promulgated

Impact: Formally established a regime that confronted the Qing government

The rise of the Taiping Rebellion:

⑴In early 1851, the Jintian Uprising and the Taiping Rebellion emerged.

⑵In September 1851, Yong'an was granted the title of king and established the system, marking the initial establishment of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's political power.

(3) In 1853, Tianjing was established as the capital, which marked the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s establishment of a political power that confronted the Qing Dynasty and demonstrated the strong anti-feudal spirit of the farmers.

"Chinese Land Acre System"

Content: It is necessary to establish an ideal society in which "people who have fields to farm together, people who have food to eat, people who have clothes to wear, and people who have money to work together";

It is stipulated that all materials such as food and money must be handed over to the holy treasury.

Impact: The public ownership and mutual aid system stipulated in the "Chinese Land Acre System" greatly inspired the fighting spirit of the Taiping Army for a period of time, but the "Chinese Land Acre System" was not actually implemented.

Evaluation of "Chinese Land Acquisition System"

(1) Positivity (revolutionary):

It is the revolutionary program of the Taiping Rebellion. It reflects the farmers' strong desire to abolish feudal land ownership and obtain land. It is the ideological crystallization of farmers' anti-feudal struggle for thousands of years.

(2) Limitations (utopian):

Subjective: The idea of ​​absolute egalitarianism is seriously divorced from reality and cannot be implemented at all.

Objectively: There is no stable environment to ensure the implementation of the land allocation plan.

Fall of Tianjing (Decline)

Turning point - Tianjing Incident (1856)

(1) Reason: bloody internal strife within the leadership group

(2) Impact: The Qing army took the opportunity to counterattack and besieged Tianjing again, creating a dangerous situation in which the Heavenly Kingdom had no one in the court and no generals in the country.

Think and explore

Think about it: If there had been no Tianjing Incident, would this vigorous Taiping Rebellion be successful? Why?

cannot. the reason is:

① Leaders are dazzled by victory, and their revolutionary ambition gradually wanes.

② The feudal idea of ​​privilege expanded, causing mutual suspicion and competition for power.

③ The fundamental reason lies in the class limitations of the peasant class.

"New Chapter of Political Affairs"

content:

Politically: Advocates for the unification of political decrees and the rule of law; the establishment of ballot boxes and the direct election of officials by the public.

Economically: Encourage the introduction of Western technology, develop industry and commerce, and establish transportation, postal services, banks, insurance and other undertakings.

Diplomacy: Supports opening up to the outside world, free business, and equal exchanges with other countries.

In terms of customs and education: oppose superstition and promote new education; strictly prohibit the trafficking and smoking of opium.

Evaluation: The idea of ​​developing capitalism in China was first proposed by advanced Chinese people. Replacing feudalism with capitalism is in line with the trend of social development. It is not the product of the revolutionary practice of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom peasants and does not meet the requirements of the peasants.

Result: It is not the product of peasant revolutionary practice; it lacks the corresponding social foundation and implementation conditions, and cannot be implemented in a war environment.

Let's try to analyze the similarities and differences between "The Tianchao Land Acquisition System" and "The New Chapter of Zizheng".

Similar points: 1. "The Tianchao Land Acquisition System" and "The New Chapter of Zizheng" are both revolutionary programs of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and both have anti-feudal content;

2. Neither the "Tianchao Land Acquisition System" nor the "New Chapter of Zizheng" were truly practiced during the Taiping Rebellion;

3. They are all aimed at consolidating peasant power.

Differences: 1. "The Tianchao Land Acquisition System" implements egalitarianism in land distribution and product distribution, and abolishes private ownership; while the core of "Zi Zheng Xin Pian" is to develop capitalism in China and maintain private ownership.

2. "The Tianchao Land System" is utopian and backward in content; while "The New Chapter of Zizheng" develops capitalism and reflects the historical trend.

3. "The Tianchao Land Acquisition System" is the product of farmers' revolutionary practice and reflects the farmers' urgent desire; while "New Chapter of Zizheng" is not the product of farmers' revolutionary practice and does not fundamentally solve the farmers' land problem.

Try to summarize the reasons and inspirations for the failure of the Taiping Rebellion:

Objective reasons: joint strangulation by Chinese and foreign forces

Subjective reasons: limitations of the peasant class

Enlightenment: Due to the limitations of class and era, it is impossible for the peasant stage to lead the Chinese revolution to success.

Historical achievements of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom:

①A heavy blow to Chinese and foreign reactionary forces;

② Compared with previous peasant wars, this is the highest peak of peasant struggle in thousands of years;

③It is the earliest exploration of Chinese people to learn capitalism from the West;

④ It had a significant impact on the subsequent democratic revolution.

New features of the Taiping Rebellion

(1) The new background of the uprising - semi-colonial and semi-feudal society

(2) New cause of the uprising—foreign invasion

(3) New form of uprising - using foreign Christian ideas

(4) New plan for governing the country—put forward a plan for developing capitalism

(5) Take on new tasks - counter-blockade and counter-invasion at the same time

(6) New reason for failure—Chinese and foreign reactionary forces jointly strangled

(7) Category New-Old Democratic Revolution

Homework

1. The event that marked the establishment of a formal confrontation between the Taiping Rebellion and the Qing Dynasty was ( )

A. Jintian Uprising B. Yong'an feudal kingship system

C. Make Tianjing the capital D. The Northern Expeditionary Army reaches Tianjin

2. Arrange the following events in order of time ( )

①Make Tianjing the capital ②Western Expedition ③Tianjing Incident ④Fall of Tianjing

A.①③②④ B.②①③④ C.①②③④ D.②①④③

4. The fundamental reason why the "Chinese Land Acquisition System" does not work in China is ( )

A. The military failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom B. It violated the laws of social development

C. Obstruction from feudal forces D. Not touching the feudal economic system

5. The first social reform plan with a capitalist nature in modern China was ( )

A. "History of the Sea" B. "Chronicles of the Four Continents"

C. "Chinese Land Acquisition System" D. "New Chapter of Administrative Affairs"

6. The social and economic propositions in "The Land Acquisition System of the Celestial Dynasty" and "New Chapter of Zizheng" ( )

A. Contradictory to each other B. Similar to each other C. Completely consistent D. Complementary to each other

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"Taiping Rebellion Movement" PPT courseware download:

"Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement" PPT courseware download Part One: Learning Objectives 1. General requirements: 1. Understand the main historical facts of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, such as the Jintian Uprising, Yong'an Establishment, Tianjing Incident, etc. 2. Compare "The Tianchao Land Acquisition System" and "The New Chapter of Zizheng".

"Taiping Rebellion Movement" PPT download:

"Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement" PPT Download Part One Content: Learning Objectives 1. Understand and know the leaders, time, process, results and other general situations of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement; 2. Through reading and analysis of written materials, understand the reasons for the outbreak of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, "Tianchaotian" ..

"Taiping Rebellion Movement" PPT courseware:

"Taiping Rebellion Movement" PPT courseware Part 1: Think about it 1. Why did China suffer such disasters during the two Opium Wars? What are the subjective reasons? The Qing government's corruption and repeated compromises contributed to China's backwardness. 2. How did the people respond? ..

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Update Time: 2024-09-09

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