"The Struggle to Save the Nation from Peril" Internal Troubles and Foreign Troubles and the Survival of the Nation in the Late Qing Dynasty PPT

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"The Struggle to Save the Nation from Peril" Internal Troubles and Foreign Troubles and the Survival of the Nation in the Late Qing Dynasty PPT

Part One: Introduction of New Course

According to the recollections of the parties involved——

There are three main points in the shock of Sino-Japanese War:

First, I did not expect to lose to Japan;

Second, I did not expect the content of the Treaty of Shimonoseki to be so harsh;

Third, I did not expect that the Qing government's 30-year Westernization Movement, which cost a lot of money, would be so vulnerable.

The bear represents Russia;

The tiger represents Britain;

The intestines represent Germany;

The frog represents France;

The sun represents Japan;

The eagle represents the United States.

PPT on the struggle to save the nation from peril, part 2: The bourgeoisie - the reform movement:

(1) Background:

1. Economy: the development of national capitalist economy;

2. Politics: The defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1899 deepened the national crisis;

3. Reality: The Westernization Movement failed, and the road to enriching the country and strengthening the army by learning utensils was shattered;

4. Thought: The spread of reform ideas laid a theoretical foundation.

(2) Process:

1. "Write on the bus":

(1) Time: 1895;

(2) Participants: officials in Beijing, provincial governors, Kang and Liang organizations;

(3) Result: It was not delivered to Emperor Guangxu and ended in failure;

(4) Significance: It kicked off the reform movement.

2. "Hundred Days Reform":

(1) Starting sign:

(2) Content: (Except "old" and replace with "new")

(3) Result:

①The Empress Dowager Cixi imprisoned Emperor Guangxu and gave instructions to the emperor;

②Kang and Liang fled; the "Six Gentlemen of 1898";

③All reform measures are abolished (except for the Capital University).

(4) Impact:

When I read Kang and Liang's heart-warming discussions, I quickly became a follower of them. I was bent on being a patriot for reform and had no great interest in studying stereotypes or seeking fame. ——Wu Yuzhang

Today we have a little knowledge of the world, and the source of it is the gift of Mr. Kang and Mr. Liang. This is the contribution of Mr. Er to the restoration of the world. ——Chen Duxiu

① Patriotism: Impacted the feudal system, at the critical juncture when imperialist aggression was deepening, demanded to save the nation from peril, and complied with the historical trend;

② Progressive nature: It promotes the development of national capitalism and accelerates the process of China’s modernization;

③ Enlightenment: It spreads bourgeois political theory and natural science knowledge, and plays an ideological enlightenment role in society.

Lesson: In semi-colonial and semi-feudal China, the reformist path will not work in China!

PPT on the struggle to save the nation from peril, part three: Peasant class - Boxer Rebellion:

(1) Background:

1. Fundamental reasons: After the Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1894, the great powers launched a frenzy of partitioning, and the national crisis became unprecedentedly serious;

2. Direct cause: The rampant influence of foreign churches in China has aroused public anger.

(2) After:

It emerged in Shandong in 1898 and reached its climax in the Beijing-Tianjin area in 1900.

(3) Nature and slogan:

1. Nature: a mass anti-imperialist and patriotic movement;

2. Slogan: "Support the Qing Dynasty and destroy the foreign countries."

“Give me back my country and give me back my rights, even if I dare to go through mountains of swords and seas of fire.

Even if the emperor surrenders to foreigners, he will not return the favor unless he kills the foreigners. "

"Support the Qing Dynasty and destroy the foreign countries, and do justice for heaven."

How to evaluate the slogan "Support the Qing Dynasty and destroy the foreign countries"

Progressive

It reflects the strong demands and desires of the Chinese people to oppose imperialism and save the nation from peril; it plays a positive role in mobilizing people from all walks of life to participate in the anti-aggression struggle.

limitation

"Supporting the Qing" reflects that the Boxers had a unclear understanding of the nature of the Qing government and had illusions about it. With superstition and other colors, it provided conditions for the Qing government to control, utilize and suppress the Boxer Rebellion.

"Destroy the Foreign" shows the blind and xenophobic side of the Boxers

Enlightenment: rational patriotism

(4) Reasons for failure:

1. Joint suppression of Chinese and foreign reactionary forces;

2. Limitations of the peasant class. (root cause)

(5) Evaluation:

1. Progressiveness: (1) Reflects the heroic struggle spirit of the Chinese people against aggression;

(2) It attacked the arrogance of imperialism and shattered its dream of carving up China.

2. Limitations:

(1) The Boxer Rebellion’s organization has a strong color of feudal superstition; its slogan has the weakness of blind xenophobia;

(2) It is impossible to prevent China from sinking into a semi-colony.

The struggle to save the nation from peril PPT, part 4 content: The Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded China:

(1) Reason:

1. Direct reason: suppressing the Boxer Rebellion and safeguarding interests in China;

2. Fundamental reason: The great powers further divided China.

(2) After:

1. The aggressive routes of great powers:

(1) Battle of Tianjin

(1900, 6-1900, 7)

(2) The Boxer Rebellion’s battle in Beijing

(1900, 7-1900, 8)

2. The atrocities committed by the Eight-Nation Allied Forces:

3. The attitude of the Qing government:

(1) Empress Dowager Cixi "declared war" on all countries:

(2) "Southeast Mutual Insurance":

(3) Result: Signing of the "Xinchou Treaty"

(4) Impact: completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

Amid unprecedented humiliation, the Chinese nation entered the 20th century. Do we continue to sink? Or stand up resolutely?

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Update Time: 2024-10-20

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