"The Struggle of Asian Colonial People" PPT

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"The Struggle of Asian Colonial People" PPT

Part One Content: Learning Objectives:

1. Know the causes, two stages, content, results and impact of the non-violent non-cooperation movement in India, and be able to correctly evaluate the non-violent non-cooperation movement in India.

2. Guide students to understand the form, characteristics and impact of the non-violent non-cooperation movement in India

3. List the causes, process and significance of Kemal’s Revolution in Turkey; know the content and nature of Kemal’s reforms.

Learning focus: The content influence of the non-violent non-cooperation movement and the Kemal revolution and reforms.

Learning Difficulties: Evaluation of the Satyagraha Movement.

The Resistance of Asian Colonial People PPT, Part 2: India’s Non-Violent Non-cooperation Movement

1. The reasons for the non-violent non-cooperation movement;

Reason: World War I intensified the conflicts between the Indian people and the British colonists.

2. Contents and results of the first phase of the non-violent non-cooperation movement;

Time: 1920

Content (struggle form):

A. Resist working in the colonial government and courts;

B. Refuse to study in British schools;

C. Encourage the development of handmade textile industry and boycott British goods;

D. Refusal to pay taxes, etc.

Result: In 1922, farmers burned police stations and Gandhi decided to stop the movement.

3. Contents and results of the second phase of the non-violent non-cooperation movement;

Time: 1930

Content (struggle form): Taking the form of disobedience, so it is also called the "civilized disobedience movement". Gandhi made demands to the colonial authorities such as lowering land taxes, releasing political prisoners, and abolishing the salt monopoly. Lead supporters to help themselves to salt.

Result: In 1922, farmers burned police stations and Gandhi decided to stop the movement.

4. Characteristics and influence of the non-violent non-cooperation movement.

Characteristics: Use peaceful and legal means to achieve India's autonomy and independence.

Impact: ① The non-violent non-cooperation movement launched by Gandhi mobilized the masses, attacked British colonial rule, and enhanced the national self-esteem and self-confidence of the Indian people.

②In order to prevent violent revolution, Gandhi controlled the way of struggle of the masses and ensured the leadership of the bourgeoisie over the movement.

The Resistance of Asian Colonial People PPT, Part 3: Türkiye’s Kemalist Revolution

1. Background:

① After World War I, the defeated Turkey became the target of carving up by the Western powers and was forced to sign the Treaty of Sèvres with the Allies. The national crisis was profound.

② To safeguard national independence and territorial integrity and avoid further carving up.

2.Purpose:

In order to safeguard national independence and territorial integrity and avoid further partition.

3. Leader: Kemal

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (Turkish: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, May 19, 1881 - November 10, 1938) Turkish revolutionist, reformer, writer, founder of the Turkish Republic, Turkey The first President, Prime Minister and Speaker of the National Assembly of the Republic. Born in Salonika (now in Greece), he was born into a wood merchant family. On November 24, 1934, the Turkish Parliament gave Kemal the surname "Atatürk". In Turkish, "Ata" means father, and "Atatürk" means "Father of the Turks".

4. Process:

In early 1921, Kemal formed the Turkish National Army. The next year, the National Army defeated the Greek army equipped by the British and forced the Allies to sign an armistice with Turkey.

The nature of Kemal's revolution: an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal national democratic revolution led by the national bourgeoisie

5. Result:

(1) In July 1923, Turkey and the Allied Powers re-signed the Treaty of Lausanne in Lausanne, Switzerland, maintaining Turkey's territorial integrity and national sovereignty.

(2) On October 29, ______, Turkey was declared a republic, ______ was elected as the first president, and implemented a series of reform measures.

The Treaty of Lausanne is also known as the Treaty of Lausanne. The full name is the "Peace Treaty between the Entente and the Warring Countries Against Türkiye". On July 24, 1923, the Entente was concluded in Lausanne, Switzerland, with the seven Allied Powers including Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Greece, Romania, Serbo-Croat-Slovenia, and Turkey as the other party. It came into effect on August 6 of the following year.

6. Kemal’s reform measures:

①Politics: Abolish the feudal system that unites politics and religion, implement the separation of politics and religion, and establish the legislative power of the National Assembly;

②Customs: Abolish the regulations on inequality between men and women and improve the status of women;

③Economy: Follow the example of the Soviet Union and implement the first Five-Year Plan in a unified manner;

④ Culture and education: a. Expand secular education and stipulate that schools must teach Western science and technology; b. Implement writing reforms and replace Arabic letters with Latin letters.

7. Influence of Kemal’s Revolution:

①The Kemalist Revolution was a victory for the national democratic revolution in colonial and semi-colonial countries after World War I.

② It consolidated the country's independence, ended backward feudal rule, and put Turkey on the road to national rejuvenation.

The Resistance of Asian Colonial People PPT, Part 4: Difficulties and Explanations

The significance of Kemal’s revolution:

(1) The victory of Kemal's Revolution ended more than 600 years of feudal autocratic monarchy and theocratic rule in the Ottoman Empire and established a democratic republic unprecedented in Turkish history.

(2) The victory of Kemal's revolution freed Turkey from its national crisis and created prerequisites for the development of national economy, culture and social progress.

(3) The establishment of a nation-state system is the development trend of national democratic movements in Asia and Africa in the 20th century. The establishment of the Republic of Turkey ushered in this trend.

(4) After the establishment of a nation-state, modernization reform has become a top priority for backward countries, and it is also the path for independent nation-states to become prosperous and powerful in the future. The modernization reforms characterized by secularization carried out after the founding of the Turkish Republic are of far-reaching significance.

The Resistance of Asian Colonial People PPT, Part 5: Customs Training

1. Multiple choice questions

1. Martin Luther King, leader of the African American civil rights movement, believed that the best way to fight for rights is “not passive non-resistance to evil” but “active non-violent resistance to evil”. The following historical figures have similar views to him: ( )

A.Washington B.Sun Yat-sen

C. Kemal D. Gandhi

2. In 1920, the Indian National Congress Party adopted the "non-violent non-cooperation" plan proposed by Gandhi. Its fundamental purpose is ( )

A. Expand the power of the Congress Party

B. Oppose British colonial rule

C. Obtain Indian autonomy

D. Improve national self-esteem

3. According to "The Autobiography of Gandhi": The colonial rule of the British Empire for nearly a century was in danger under the attack of this small grain of salt. This refers to the "Salt March" movement ( )

①Forcing the colonial authorities to change their strategies

②Bringing the second non-violent non-cooperation movement to its climax

③Cause a nationwide anti-British struggle

④ Realized the political demand of “Britain withdrawing from India”

A.①③④ B.①②③

C.②③④ D.①②④

4. Gandhi led the national liberation movement in India. Which of the following descriptions fits Gandhi’s non-violent non-cooperation movement ( )

A. Implemented many aspects of Westernized social changes

B. Basically complete India’s cause of independence

C. It is a unique way to resist colonial rule

D. Always adhere to non-violence during the process

The Resistance of Asian Colonial People PPT, Part Six: Extended Reading

During the Ottoman Empire, the cylindrical red prayer hat was a sacred religious and imperial symbol. The Republic of Turkey was established in 1923, and Kemal Kemal became president. He chose a modernization path with a Western flavor and implemented reforms, but encountered huge resistance. In 1925, Kemal issued an order banning the wearing of traditional Turkish prayer hats and replacing them with European-style hats. But the ban met with widespread resistance, and the government subsequently made wearing a Turkish prayer cap criminal.

This move aroused strong dissatisfaction and even triggered public protests and riots in some places, but they were suppressed by Kemal, and some people were hanged. After a period of strong promotion by the Kemal government, many people finally began to wear European-style hats, bidding farewell to the traditional Turkish hats. ——Excerpted from "The Rise of Modern Türkiye" by Lewis

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"The Resistance of Asian Colonial People" PPT courseware Part One: India's Non-Violent Non-cooperation Movement 1. Background: During World War I, India provided manpower, military expenditures, and materials. Many people died due to famine. This led to the conflict between Britain and India. 2. Leader: Gandhi. hour..

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Update Time: 2024-10-17

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