"The Strengthening of Autocratic Rule in the Qing Dynasty" Political changes during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT courseware

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"The Strengthening of Autocratic Rule in the Qing Dynasty" Political changes during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT courseware

learning target

1. Understand the Qing Dynasty’s measures to strengthen autocratic imperial power and their impact.

2. Understand the measures taken by the Qing Dynasty to strengthen cultural autocracy, and understand the impact of these measures on later generations.

Research point: The establishment of the Military Aircraft Department

After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the highest central decision-making body was the Council of Ministers composed of Manchu nobles. Although there was a cabinet and six ministries to handle daily affairs, important military and state affairs were decided by the Council of Ministers, and the imperial power was restricted.

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the South Study Room was established to divide the central power into three parts and strengthen the imperial power.

1. Background: In the early Qing Dynasty, the official system of the Ming Dynasty was followed, and the cabinet and six ministries were established in the central government, but the council of kings and ministers composed of Manchu nobles to discuss government affairs was retained. The meeting of kings and ministers to discuss government affairs seriously hindered the centralization of power.

Discuss: What kind of power does the Council of King and Ministers enjoy? Does it threaten the imperial power?

All military and state affairs must go through a meeting of kings and ministers, and once decided, not even the emperor can change it. The existence of the meeting of kings and ministers to discuss government affairs not only made the cabinet useless, but most importantly, it restricted the power of the emperor.

2. Responsibilities:

The Minister of Military and Aircraft "is only for narration and writing, and cannot be painted with any praise." - Qing Dynasty historian Zhao Yi

Discuss: What does this sentence mean? What effect does the establishment of the Military Aircraft Service have on strengthening the centralization of monarchy?

That is to say, the mission of the military minister is to convey and copy the emperor's will, and he cannot mix his own opinions into it.

Completely under the direct control of the emperor, it is equivalent to the emperor's private secretariat. At the same time, the military is the highest state organ in power in terms of power, but in form it has always been in the status of a temporary agency.

3. Evaluation:

Regarding the establishment of the Military Aircraft Department, there are the following two views. Please combine the above materials and the knowledge you have learned to discuss: Which view is correct? Why?

Viewpoint 1: The establishment of the Military Aircraft Division has improved work efficiency, which is beneficial.

Viewpoint 2: With the establishment of the Military Aircraft Department, officials have to listen to the emperor in everything. Their sense of political responsibility and creative spirit are gone, and there is no benefit at all.

4. Summary overview:

(1) Basic situation: The Military Aircraft Department was established during Yongzheng period.

(2) Function: The Military Aircraft Department is controlled by the emperor, which not only simplifies administrative procedures, but also facilitates confidentiality, allowing the emperor to better control military and political power.

(3) Impact: The Military Aircraft Department gradually replaced the cabinet and the meeting of kings and ministers to discuss government affairs, which was the product of the extreme strengthening of autocratic imperial power.

Research point: cultural autocracy

In 1777, Wang Xihou, a scholar in Xinchang, Jiangxi, revised the "Kangxi Dictionary" and wrote "Zi Guan". After reading it, Emperor Qianlong thought that the names of Confucius, Kangxi, and Qianlong were juxtaposed, which was "a great treason and illegality, something that has never happened before, and the crime cannot be punished." So he beheaded dozens of members of the Wang family in Beijing, and destroyed all the books, including " All books written by Wang including Zi Guan.

The rulers of the Qing Dynasty advocated respecting Confucius and reading scriptures. By advocating Confucius, they tried their best to promote the idea of ​​loyalty to the emperor and Confucian ethics and morals. They also continued to implement the eight-legged approach to recruiting scholars and imprisoning intellectuals in order to stabilize the ruling order of the Qing Dynasty and consolidate the autocratic imperial power.

Influence

(1) As a result, many valuable historical documents have become extinct or distorted.

(2) Qianlong destroyed and tampered with books for nearly 20 years. This was another catastrophe that ancient Chinese culture suffered after Qin Shihuang burned books and harassed Confucian scholars.

reason:

In order to confine people's thoughts, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty strengthened the autocratic monarchy.

lesson:

Rulers must have a broad mind and a broad mind, and must be gentle and benevolent. For example, in the same compilation of the "Yongle Dadian", the ruler did not delete or change a word.

1. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the person who held the real power was ( )

A.Cabinet B.Six Ministries

C. Meeting of kings and ministers to discuss government affairs D. Eunuchs

2. Which emperors were the most cruel in the Literary Prison of the Qing Dynasty ( )

①Shunzhi ②Kangxi ③Yongzheng ④Qianlong

A.①②③ B.②③④

C.①②④ D.①③④

3. Which of the following statements about the Literary Prison is incorrect ( )

A. The purpose is to strengthen ideological control

B. Starting from the Ming Dynasty

C. Reached its peak during the Qing Dynasty

D.Hinder social progress and cultural development

4. The establishment of the Military Aircraft Department improved the efficiency of the Qing government to a certain extent. What is the correct understanding of the functions of the Military Aircraft Department ( )

A. Equivalent to the functions of the three envoys in the Song Dynasty

B. The main function is military command

C. They are the emperor’s confidential secretaries

D. It is a working group that replaces the functions of the prime minister.

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For more information on the PPT courseware "Political Changes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Consolidation of a Unified Multi-Ethnic State and the Strengthening of the Qing Dynasty's Autocratic Rule", please click on the "Political Changes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Consolidation of a Unified Multi-Ethnic State ppt Strengthening of the Qing Dynasty's Autocratic Rule" ppt Label.

"The Strengthening of Autocratic Rule in the Qing Dynasty" Political changes during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT courseware 4:

"Strengthening of the Qing Dynasty's Autocratic Rule" Political changes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT courseware 4 1. The establishment of the Military Aircraft Department 1. Setting 2. Characteristics of powers 3. Function 2. Cultural autocracy 1. Daxing Literary Prison 2. Promote respect for Confucius and read scriptures, and continue to implement the Eight...

"The Strengthening of Autocratic Rule in the Qing Dynasty" Political changes during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT courseware 3:

"The Strengthening of Autocratic Rule in the Qing Dynasty" Political changes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT courseware 3 Learning objectives 1. Know that the Qing Dynasty established the Military Aircraft Department to strengthen the imperial power; understand the characteristics and influence of the Literary Prison. 2. Understand the reasons why the Qing Dynasty strengthened its autocratic rule and...

"The Strengthening of Autocratic Rule in the Qing Dynasty" Political changes during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT courseware 2:

"The Strengthening of Autocratic Rule in the Qing Dynasty" Political changes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT courseware 2 1. The establishment of the Military Aircraft Department 1. The evolution of central institutions in the early Qing Dynasty (1) In the early Qing Dynasty, the meeting of kings and ministers to discuss government affairs (2 ) During the Kangxi period, the South Study Room (3) was established..

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Update Time: 2024-09-08

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