"The Strengthening of Monarchy" The Consolidation of a Unified Multi-ethnic State and the Crisis of Society PPT Courseware 2

"The Strengthening of Monarchy" The Consolidation of a Unified Multi-ethnic State and the Crisis of Society PPT Courseware 2

Li Zicheng failed. If you were him, what qualities would you need to gain power?

Li Zicheng (1606-1645), leader of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty. When he was a child, he worked as a sheep herder for the landlord and worked as a postman in Yinchuan. The uprising in 1629 was brave and insightful. Later, his reputation increased day by day, and he was called the King of Chuang. In Henan, he put forward slogans such as "Equalizing land and eliminating taxes", which was welcomed by the people. In 1644, he established the Dashun regime, and soon conquered Beijing and overthrew the Ming Dynasty. Because the leader of the rebel army made the mistake of being proud of victory, he persecuted Wu Sangui's family and forced Wu Sangui to rebel. The Manchu nobles entered the customs and joined forces with Wu Sangui to attack the peasant army. Li Zicheng lost the battle and withdrew from Beijing, then disappeared mysteriously. After the remaining troops of Li Zicheng surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, they rebelled against the Manchu Qing Dynasty and continued the struggle against the Qing Dynasty.

Fighting spirit, courage, knowledge, public support, policies, struggle strategies, etc.

1. The rise of Manchuria and the establishment of the Qing Dynasty

1. The rise of Manchuria

The Jurchen tribe is an ancient ethnic group living in Northeast my country.

In the late Ming Dynasty, Nurhachi, the outstanding leader of the Jurchen tribe, unified the various Jurchen tribes.

In 1616, Nurhachi proclaimed himself Khan, and his country was named Jin, which was known as Later Jin in history;

In 1625, Nurhaci moved the capital to Shenyang (later renamed Shengjing).

Aixinjueluo Nurhachi unified the Jurchen people, created the Eight Banners system, and completed major events such as the founding of the country and the relocation of the capital. It played an important role in the historical development of the early Manchu people and laid the foundation for the Qing Dynasty to enter the Pass and unify the country.

2. The establishment of the Qing Dynasty

Thinking: What are Nurhaci’s achievements?

1. In 1616, after Jin Dynasty was built

2. Anti-Ming Dynasty, captured more than 70 cities in Liaodong

3. The capital was moved to Shenyang and later renamed Shengjing.

Date of establishment: 1636, Founder: Huang Taiji (Taizong of the Qing Dynasty)

Capital: Shenyang (later called Shengjing, the capital was moved to Beijing in 1644)

Nationality: Jurchen (Manchu)

Think about it, what do Nurhaci have in common with several ethnic minority leaders during the Song and Yuan Dynasties?

(Ethnic minority leaders during the Song and Yuan Dynasties included Yelu Abaoji, Wanyan Aguda, Yuan Hao and Genghis Khan. What Nurhachi had in common with them was: unifying the various tribes of the ethnic group, establishing the ethnic political power, promoting the development of the ethnic group, and influencing the development of Chinese history process. They are all outstanding politicians and military strategists in Chinese history.)

2. Strengthening of monarchical centralization

Early Qing Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty system was generally adopted, with a cabinet and six ministries.

The council of kings and ministers composed of Manchu nobles to discuss government affairs was retained.

Emperor Yongzheng

Set up military aircraft office

Purpose: To strengthen the monarchy.

Time: Established during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng.

Responsibilities: The military minister knelt down to receive the transcript and convey the emperor's will. Military and state affairs were entirely decided by the emperor.

Significance: It marks the further strengthening of the centralization of feudal monarchy in my country.

Reading historical materials

1. The Minister of Military and Aircraft "is only for narration and writing, and no praise or painting can be included in it."

(1) What does the above mean? Does the Minister of Military and Aircraft have real power?

(2) Who established the Military Aircraft Department? has no meaning?

Yongzheng period. The establishment of the Military Aircraft Department replaced the meeting of kings and ministers to discuss government affairs, marking the further strengthening of the centralization of power by my country's feudal monarchy.

Use your brain: The establishment of the Military Aircraft Office has improved work efficiency, which is beneficial.

Which of them do you agree with and why?

With the establishment of the Military Aircraft Department, officials have to obey the emperor's orders in everything. Their sense of political responsibility and creative spirit are gone, and there is no benefit at all.

(Both statements are reasonable, but neither is comprehensive. The first statement emphasizes that the Military Aircraft Department concentrates the power of the monarch, can issue orders quickly, and avoids the ministers' waffling and procrastinating style. The second statement emphasizes the military aircraft department. Ministers have to listen to the emperor in everything, have no power, and lose their sense of political responsibility and creative spirit. If the two views are combined, it will be more comprehensive and objective.)

What are the similarities and differences between the Literary Prison of the Qing Dynasty and the burning of books and entrapment of Confucians in the Qin Dynasty?

1. The purpose is the same: both are to strengthen ideological control and strengthen the authoritarian imperial power;

2. The impact is the same: suppressing ideas and destroying culture;

3. The methods are different: one is to burn books and entrap Confucians, and the other is to create a literary prison.

Consolidation exercises:

1. Multiple choice questions

1. The founder of Houjin ( )

A. NurhachiB. Huang TaijiC. KangxiD. Yongzheng

2. Who changed the country name to Qing ( )

A. NurhachiB. Huang TaijiC. KangxiD. Yongzheng

3. Who established the Military Aircraft Department during his reign? ( )

A. NurhachiB. Huang TaijiC. KangxiD. Yongzheng

4. Which emperors were the most cruel in the Literary Prison of the Qing Dynasty ( )

(1) Shunzhi (2) Kangxi (3) Yongzheng (4) Qianlong

A(1)(2)(3)B(2)(3)(4)

C(1)(2)(4)D(1)(3)(4)

2. Material analysis questions:

1. The Minister of Military and Aircraft "is only for narration and writing, and no praise or painting can be included in it."

(1) What does the above mean? Does the Minister of Military and Aircraft have real power?

(2) Who established the Military Aircraft Department? has no meaning?

Yongzheng period. The establishment of the Military Aircraft Department replaced the meeting of kings and ministers to discuss government affairs, marking the further strengthening of the centralization of power by my country's feudal monarchy.

2. "The bright moon still cares about me, and the gentle breeze has no intention of leaving anyone behind."

(1) The Jinshi who wrote this poem was killed. What do you think was the reason?

(2) What is this practice called? Which emperors were the most cruel during their reign? What is the impact?

Literal prison. Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties.

(A), causing social terror and destroying talents

(B) Many intellectuals dare not get involved in politics, thus imprisoning their thoughts and seriously hindering the development and progress of Chinese society.

In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, how did the monarchy's centralized rule be strengthened?

1. The Military Aircraft Department was established during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng (the Minister of Military Aircraft knelt down to receive the transcript. The establishment of the Military Aircraft Department marked the further strengthening of the centralization of power by my country's feudal monarchs.

2. Control intellectuals ideologically and create a literary prison, imprisoning thoughts and seriously hindering the development and progress of Chinese society.

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