"The Southward Shift of the Economic Center of gravity" The competitiveness of national political power and the development of the southern economy PPT courseware 3

"The Southward Shift of the Economic Center of gravity" The competitiveness of national political power and the development of the southern economy PPT courseware 3

Question: What is the economic center of gravity:

It is a region with relatively developed economy and technology that has a strong impact on the entire country. There are many different types of economic centers in the region.

1. Development of Southern Agriculture

1. What are the reasons and manifestations of agricultural development in the South?

reason:

1. Economic factors: A large number of people from the Central Plains migrated south, increasing the labor force in the south and bringing advanced technology and production experience;

2. Natural factors: The climate in the north and south became cooler during the Song Dynasty, and the south was relatively suitable for the growth of crops; the natural conditions in the south remained relatively good.

3. Political factors: There are fewer wars in the south, which provides a relatively stable social environment for economic development.

Performance:

1. Increased varieties and introduced Champa rice.

2. Suzhou and Huzhou have become important granaries

3. Rice ranks first in grain production

4. Cotton cultivation is extended to the Yangtze River Basin

5. The cultivation of tea trees has made great progress

Overview of the development of southern agriculture:

① Champa rice was introduced from Vietnam and promoted in the Jiangnan region; Suzhou and Huzhou became important granaries; rice ranked first in grain production in the Song Dynasty, and its main production area was in the south;

② Cotton cultivation expanded from Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian to the Yangtze River Basin;

③The cultivation of tea has developed greatly, and many new tea gardens have been opened in the hilly areas south of the Yangtze River.

2. The prosperity of southern handicraft industry:

What developments did the southern handicraft industry have in the Song Dynasty compared with previous generations?

The level of the silk weaving industry surpassed that of the north; the cotton weaving industry first emerged in the south and developed initially; the Jiangnan region became the focus of the porcelain making industry, with new breakthroughs in porcelain making technology; the shipbuilding industry was developed and ranked first in the world.

1. Improvement of the level of silk weaving industry (Sichuan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang)

2. The rise of cotton textile industry (development from Hainan Island to the southeast coast)

3. Achievements in the porcelain industry (ice-cracked porcelain from Ge Kiln, porcelain capital: Jingdezhen)

4. Development of shipbuilding industry (Guangzhou, Quanzhou)

1. Textile industry:

① Silk weaving industry: During the Northern Song Dynasty, the silk weaving industry in the south developed greatly. Silk fabrics from Sichuan are known as “the best in the world”. The silk output in Jiangsu and Zhejiang was high, and most of the silk used by the imperial court came from Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

② Cotton weaving industry: The cotton weaving industry emerged from Hainan Island and developed to the southeastern coastal areas during the Southern Song Dynasty.

2. Porcelain industry:

During the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jiangnan area had become the center of porcelain making in my country.

Zhejiang Ge Kiln: Ice cracked porcelain

Jingdezhen, Jiangxi: the famous porcelain capital

3. Shipbuilding industry:

The shipbuilding industry of the Song Dynasty ranked first in the world at that time.

Features: Large hull, multiple loads, solid structure, and strong wind resistance. The ship is equipped with a compass, which can accurately identify the course.

3. The prosperity of southern commerce:

1. Development overview: The prosperity of commerce in the Song Dynasty exceeded that of previous generations, and commerce in the south was particularly developed. Commercial cities - Kaifeng and Hangzhou (later renamed Lin'an).

2. The prosperity of Lin'an's commerce: far exceeded that of Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the morning market and night market, "business continues day and night."

3. Prosperous overseas trade:

Overview: It was an important country in the world engaged in overseas trade at that time. The footprints of Chinese merchant ships range as far away as North Korea and Japan, and as far away as the Arabian Peninsula and the east coast of Africa.

Famous commercial ports: Guangzhou, Quanzhou

The government encourages overseas trade and sets up municipal shipping departments in major ports to manage them.

4. The emergence of banknotes:

① The emergence of Jiaozi: In the early Northern Song Dynasty, Jiaozi appeared in Sichuan and was the earliest paper currency in the world.

② Function: Because paper money is easy to carry, it is conducive to the realization of large transactions and the development of business.

5. The southward shift of the economic center of gravity: The southward shift of the economic center of gravity began in the middle and late Tang Dynasty and was finally completed in the Southern Song Dynasty.

What inspirations does the southward shift of the economic center of gravity provide us with economic development?

1. Political stability is the prerequisite for economic development.

2. Economic development cannot be at the expense of destroying the natural environment.

3. Make full use of local and external human resources.

With the development of commercial activities in the Song Dynasty, metal currency was heavy and inconvenient to carry, so people invented paper money that was easy to carry.

It is easy to carry and has an expanded scope of application, which is conducive to business development.

Today's banknotes are uniformly issued by the state, have high credibility, are used in a wider range of areas, are printed more beautifully, have anti-counterfeiting technology, and are difficult to counterfeit; at the same time, the issuance and management of banknotes are also more scientific.

practice

1. Before the Tang Dynasty, millet and wheat were widely cultivated in the Yellow River Basin, and grain output exceeded that in the south. From the middle and late Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, agriculture in the Yangtze River Basin developed rapidly, and grain output gradually exceeded that in the north. The folk proverb "If Suhu is ripe, the world is full". Description of the above materials ( )

A. Increased food production promotes population growth

B． Rulers adjust ruling policies to promote economic development

C. The center of agricultural economy moves southward

D. Improvements in irrigation technology increase food production

2. “About 80% of the country’s fiscal revenue comes from the area south of the Huaihe River”; “Silk and cotton textile industry, papermaking industry centers and foreign trade ports are mostly concentrated in the south”; “Suhu is ripe and the world is full”. In which period did these phenomena first appear in our country ( )

A. Two Song Dynasties B. Three Kingdoms, Two Jins, Southern and Northern Dynasties period

C. Sui and Tang Dynasties D. Ming and Qing Dynasties

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