"The Rule of the Ming Dynasty" PPT

"The Rule of the Ming Dynasty" PPT

Part One: The Establishment of the Ming Dynasty

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, politics was very corrupt, and officials at all levels tried their best to steal people's wealth, which led to social unrest and people's livelihood. In 1351, a peasant uprising broke out in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and soon spread to the Jianghuai region, where many anti-Yuan teams appeared. Among them, the team led by Zhu Yuanzhang gradually became stronger, first destroying the heroes in the southeast, and then marching north. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor and established the Ming Dynasty, which was settled in Tianfu (now Nanjing). He was the Ming Taizu. Subsequently, the Ming army captured most of the capital, ending the Yuan Dynasty's rule over the country.

Time: 1368

Capital: Yingtianfu (Nanjing)

Founder: Zhu Yuanzhang (Taizu of Ming Dynasty)

Ming Taizu (reigned 1368-1398)

Young name Chongba 1328-1368-1398

PPT on the rule of the Ming Dynasty, part 2: Zhu Yuanzhang strengthened the imperial power

1.Political aspect

Zhu Yuanzhang believed that the demise of the Yuan Dynasty was due to local decentralization and the excessive power of courtiers. In order to consolidate his rule, while actively restoring and developing the social economy, he also took a series of political measures to comprehensively reform the official system from local to central levels to strengthen the imperial power.

At the local level, Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the Xing Zhongshu Province and established the "Three Divisions", dividing the original power of the Xing Zhongshu Province into three parts, which were not subordinate to each other, thus decentralizing the power of the provinces. Zhu Yuanzhang also successively ennobled various princes as kings, garrisoned various places, monitored local areas, and consolidated the royal family.

The "three departments" are the Chief Envoys Division (in charge of civil affairs and finance), the Inspectorate Envoys Division (in charge of justice), and the General Commanding Envoys Division (in charge of military affairs). The chiefs of the three departments are appointed by the central government.

In the central government, in order to further centralize power, Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the long-standing prime minister system and Zhongshu Sheng, upgraded the functions and powers of the officials, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments, and workers, and made the six ministries directly responsible to the emperor. In order to disperse military power, Zhu Yuanzhang divided the original metropolitan governor's office into five military governor's offices: center, left, right, front, and rear. He transferred the power of army mobilization and appointment of military attachés to the Ministry of War, so that the emperor directly controlled military and political power.

2. Judicial aspects

Establish a factory security spy agency

In order to monitor the officials and the people, Zhu Yuanzhang also established a royal guard under the direct command of the emperor, who was in charge of guards, arrests, and prison matters, protected the emperor, and suppressed the officials and the people. Later, Ming Chengzu established a similar organization, Dongchang. These two institutions were collectively called "factory guards" and became the emperor's eyes, ears and minions.

PPT on the rule of the Ming Dynasty, part three: changes in the imperial examination

1 Scope

The Ming Dynasty advocated respecting Confucius and Confucianism. The Ming Dynasty strictly stipulated that the examination questions must come from the "Four Books" and "Five Classics"; the candidates' interpretation of the questions must be based on Zhu Xi's "Collected Commentary on the Four Books" as the standard, and they are not allowed to use their own arbitrariness. Otherwise, the candidate will be considered a deviant, and no matter how good the essay is, he or she will not be admitted.

The "Four Books" are "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean", "The Analects" and "Mencius";

The "Five Classics" are the "Book of Changes", "Book of Songs", "Book of Songs", "Book of Rites" and "Spring and Autumn".

Zhu Xi, a representative figure of Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty.

2.Requirements

The Ming Dynasty had strict regulations on the stylistic format and paragraph division of examination answer sheets, which required the answer sheet to be composed of eight parts, of which the last four parts were the main body, and each part must have two opposing strands of text, so it was called "Eight Part Part Essay". ".

3. Harm

Eight-legged essays are sparse in content, rigid in form, divorced from reality, and restrict thoughts. In order to be admitted, those who take the exam can only study the "Four Books" and "Five Classics" to become obedient to the emperor's will.

The harm caused by the eight-part essay is equivalent to burning books, and the destruction of talents is worse than that of the more than 460 people trapped in the suburbs of Xianyang. ——Gu Yanwu

The biggest harm of using stereotyped writing to recruit scholars is that it inhibits people’s creative thinking

PPT on the rule of the Ming Dynasty, part 4: Economic development

1. Development of agriculture

During the Ming Dynasty, agriculture, handicrafts and commerce continued to develop on the basis of the previous generation.

The Ming Dynasty introduced corn, sweet potatoes, potatoes, peanuts and sunflowers native to South America.

2. Development of handicraft industry

The cotton textile industry had been pushed from the south to the north during the Ming Dynasty, and a number of cotton textile industry bases emerged in both the north and the south. Suzhou was the center of the silk weaving industry in the Ming Dynasty. Jingdezhen is the porcelain making center in the country. The blue and white porcelain produced in Jingdezhen has various shapes and beautiful patterns, and is sold well at home and abroad.

3. Active commodity economy

The commodity economy of the Ming Dynasty was also quite active. Beijing and Nanjing are national commercial cities, and dozens of larger commercial cities have emerged. Many wealthy people carried heavy sums of money and were actively engaged in business activities. Famous business gangs emerged, such as Shanxi merchants in Shanxi and Hui merchants in Anhui.

The rule of the Ming Dynasty PPT, Part 5: Classroom activities

1. Think about it, Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the prime minister and strengthened the imperial power. What are the pros and cons of this move?

2. Discuss what kind of negative impact does stereotyped writing have on education, official selection, etc.?

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"The Rule of the Ming Dynasty" PPT courseware:

The first part of the PPT courseware of "The Rule of the Ming Dynasty": Introduction to the new lesson Zhu Yuanzhang's family was poor, and he herded cattle and sheep for the landlord since he was a child. When he was 17, his parents and eldest brother died of famine and plague, so he had to become a monk and build a temple to become a monk. After the peasant uprising, he was forced to surrender...