"The Role of Animals in the Biosphere" PPT Courseware 5

"The Role of Animals in the Biosphere" PPT Courseware 5

Timetable guide

1. Describe the components of the mammalian locomotor system.

2. Give examples of the physical characteristics of animals suitable for movement.

3. Describe the characteristics of animal behavior and give examples of innate behavior and learned behavior.

4. Explain the types of animal “language”.

5. Give examples of the role of animals in nature, and describe the principles of bioreactors and bionics.

The high school entrance examination questions in this chapter have the following characteristics:

1. Analyze from the perspective of question types

(1) It mainly examines the classification of animal behavior, the role of animals in the biosphere, and the communication methods of animals in the form of multiple-choice questions.

(2) Comprehensive examination of knowledge on the composition of animal movement systems, characteristics and classification of animal behaviors in the form of picture-recognition material analysis questions.

(3) Experiments such as the feeding behavior of rapae caterpillars, the detours of animals for feeding, and the communication of ants are examined in the form of experimental inquiry questions.

2. Analyze from the proposition content

It mainly focuses on the movement system of animals, the behavior of animals and the role of animals in the biosphere.

3. Analyze from a propositional perspective

(1) Based on the diagram of the mammalian locomotor system, examine the knowledge of the structure and function of the locomotor system.

(2) Using background materials such as animal behavior and animal functions as a carrier, examine the behavioral characteristics and classification of animals, the role of animals in the biosphere, etc.

1. Animal movement and behavior

1. The movement of animals can be reviewed with the model diagrams of mammalian bones and joints, and the relationship between muscles, bones and joints during movement can be analyzed using the picture-text conversion method.

2. Congenital behavior and learned behavior can be reviewed using the comparative method, and list comparisons can be made from genetic factors, acquisition time, examples, etc.

3. Social behavior can be reviewed based on cases in life, and the characteristics of social behavior and information exchange methods between animals can be summarized through the analysis of cases (such as a group of monkeys in the park).

2. The role of animals in the biosphere

The role of animals in the biosphere is a hot issue. It is necessary to combine knowledge of genetic modification, cloning technology, bionics, etc., and use methods such as image-text conversion and examples to deepen the understanding of this part.

[Typical example] Which of the following statements about animal behavior is incorrect ( )

A. Animal behaviors are all learned behaviors

B. Innate sexual behavior is something animals are born with

C. Parenting birds is an innate behavior

D. The elephant’s ability to “play the harmonica” is the result of acquired learning.

[Analysis] Choose A. This question mainly tests knowledge about animal behavior. Animal behavior can be divided into innate behavior and learned behavior. Innate behavior is what animals are born with. It is the instinct of animals and is controlled by genetic material in the body, such as brooding by birds, feeding by ants, etc. Learned behavior refers to the behavior of animals. The process of making adaptive changes in one's own behavior with the help of individual life experiences and experiences.

1. How should you raise cabbage caterpillars before the experiment?

Tip: Try to create a feeding condition for cabbage caterpillars that is close to the natural living environment, such as appropriate light, temperature, humidity, sufficient and fresh food, etc.

2. When selecting cabbage caterpillars, should we start with eggs or larvae? Why?

Tip: Start isolation and rearing from eggs. Only in this way can you explain whether certain behaviors of rapae are born or acquired.

Collect the eggs of the cabbage butterfly and cultivate them indoors. Observe the type of plant leaves that the eggs hatch into and then explore whether the behavior of the cabbage caterpillars in feeding on the leaves of cruciferous plants is an innate behavior or a learned behavior. This exploratory experiment should be divided into the following steps:

(1) Ask questions. For this experiment, your question is ________?

(2) Make assumptions. The assumption you made is _______________.

(3) Make plans and implement them.

①Look for leaves with cabbage butterfly eggs on the leaves of cruciferous plants (such as cabbage, rape, radish, cabbage, shepherd's purse, etc.) and bring them back to the laboratory.

②As shown in the picture, put the leaves with insect eggs into different beakers, put different plant leaves into each beaker, and place the beakers in a warm place.

③ During the design and implementation of the above experiment, the purpose of keeping the eggs in isolation was to eliminate the fact that the behavior of __________ is learned from each other in _______. Many beakers (A, B, C, D), except that the leaves are different, all other conditions are___________. This is for comparison.

1. (2011·Liaocheng Academic Examination) When you do elbow flexion, the activity states of the biceps and triceps of the upper arm are ( )

A. Contraction, contraction B. Relaxation, relaxation

C. contraction, relaxation D. relaxation, contraction

[Analysis] Choose C. This question examines the relationship between elbow flexion and related muscle movements. Any movement of the human body is not completed independently by one skeletal muscle, but is completed by multiple groups of muscles cooperating with each other under the control of the nervous system. When a person flexes the elbow, the flexor muscle group, mainly the biceps brachii, is in a contracted state, and the extensor muscle group, mainly the triceps brachii, is in a relaxed state. When extending the elbow, the opposite is true.

2. (2010·Hainan High School Entrance Examination) Various creatures live in the quiet mangroves, such as egrets hovering in the sky, fish shuttles in the water, and crabs "running rampant" on the mudflats. For the animals described above, their main mode of movement is ()

A.Flying, swimming, crawling B.Flying, jumping, swimming

C. run, swim, crawl D. fly, swim, walk

[Analysis] Choose A. Egrets, fish, and crabs represent animals in the three living environments of air, water, and land respectively, and their corresponding modes of movement are flying, swimming, and crawling.

3. (2010 Shaoguan Academic Examination) Based on your usual observations and the movement records of the following animals, it is impossible to draw the conclusion that ()

A. The way animals move is related to their motor organs

B. The animal’s movement organs and movement methods are adapted to the environment

C. The fastest moving animals are land animals

D. All animal movements require energy

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