"The Rise and Fall of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou" PPT courseware on the emergence of the state and social changes

"The Rise and Fall of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou" PPT courseware on the emergence of the state and social changes

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Xia Dynasty, the first hereditary dynasty recorded in Chinese history books. It is generally believed that the Xia Dynasty was a country in the form of a tribal alliance, while Chinese Marxist historiography defines the Xia Dynasty as a slave country. The "family world" in Chinese history began with the establishment of the Xia Dynasty. The Xia Dynasty was the first dynasty in Chinese history. According to historical records, the Tang and Yu dynasties to the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties were all divided into feudal vassal eras, with emperors and princes ruling separately. There are a certain number of bronze and jade ritual vessels among the cultural relics of this period, so its level of culture and civilization is higher than that of the late Neolithic culture.

Development of Xia Dynasty

Xia Yu's succession to his son replaced the previous abdication system, and the abdication system became a hereditary system for the throne. The Xia Dynasty had a total of 14 generations and 17 kings (one theory is that there were 13 generations and 16 kings, mainly because there is a dispute over whether Dayu was the monarch or the leader of the tribal alliance). In about 471 years, it was later destroyed by the Shang Dynasty.

The influence of Xia Dynasty

The various institutional and economic and cultural developments of the Xia Dynasty, especially the progress in agricultural production, copper casting technology, astronomy and calendar, etc., all had a great impact on later generations.

Since the Xia Dynasty did not have written texts that were directly handed down, for a long time, understanding of it has mainly relied on records in ancient documents, including the kings, officials, armies, and prison conditions of the Xia Dynasty. Since modern times, large palaces, tombs and many bronzes have been unearthed from the Erlitou Village site in Yanshi County, Luoyang City, Henan Province, revealing from one aspect the political economy, social culture, life and other aspects of the Xia Kingdom, a tribal alliance in the late period of slavery. Case

The development history of the Shang Dynasty

Around 1600 BC, Tang's army defeated Xia Jie's army. At this point, the Xia Dynasty fell and Tang established the Shang Dynasty. Tang, also known as Chengtang or Chengtang, oracle bone inscriptions call him Dayi. After a long period of development, the Shang tribe gradually grew in strength. By the time of Tang Dynasty, they moved to Hao (now Puyang, Henan Province) to prepare for the extermination of Xia. Chengtang united various countries and tribes to conquer Xia Jie around 1600 BC. Before departure, Tang issued an oath of oath, which is the "Tang Oath" preserved in "Shang Shu" today. Faced with Tang's attack, Xia Jie was unprepared and fled without a fight. He was imprisoned in Nanchao and died. Xia was destroyed. Shang Tang ascended to the throne of emperor with the support of three thousand princes. Announced the establishment of the Shang Dynasty. Shang Tang learned the lessons of Xia Jie, set an example, worked diligently and loved the people, and was welcomed by princes everywhere.

Zhou Dynasty

The Zhou Dynasty was the dynasty that succeeded the Shang Dynasty in Chinese history. It was divided into two periods: the "Western Zhou" (1046 BC - 771 BC) and the "Eastern Zhou" (770 BC - 256 BC). The Western Zhou Dynasty was founded by Ji Fa, King Wu of Zhou Dynasty, with its capital at Haojing and Luoyi; the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was founded by Ji Yijiu, King Ping of Zhou Dynasty, with its capital at Luoyi. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is also called the "Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period" and is divided into two parts: the "Spring and Autumn Period" and the "Warring States Period". The Zhou Dynasty lasted from about the 11th century BC to 256 BC, with a total of 30 generations and 37 kings, and a total existence of about 791 years.

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"The Rise and Fall of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties" The emergence of the state and social changes PPT courseware 6:

"The Rise and Fall of the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties" The emergence of the state and social changes PPT courseware 6 1. The rise and fall of the Xia Dynasty (2070 BC ~ ~ 1600 BC) 1. Establishment 2. Develop the hereditary system to replace the abdication system and inherit the father's throne The essence of the establishment of state institutions is the oppression of the slave-owning class..

"The Rise and Fall of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties" The emergence of the state and social changes PPT courseware 5:

"The Rise and Fall of the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties" The emergence of the state and social changes PPT courseware 5 1. Xia Dynasty 1. The establishment of the Xia Dynasty: Yu, 2070 BC 2. The hereditary system replaced the abdication system: Gongtianxiajiajiatianxia 3. The state of the Xia Dynasty The establishment of institutions: castles, palaces, armies, etc. 4..

"The Rise and Fall of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties" The emergence of the state and social changes PPT courseware 4:

"The Rise and Fall of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou" PPT courseware on the emergence of countries and social changes 4 AD Calendar 1. AD Calendar: The year when Jesus was born is regarded as the first year of AD, and the years before this year are called BC . 2. Era and century: 10 years is a year..