"The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire" Diversified Development of Early Civilizations PPT

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"The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire" Diversified Development of Early Civilizations PPT

Part One: The Founding of the City of Rome

Time: Mid-8th century BC

Location: Central Italian Peninsula

Legends about the origin of the city of Rome

The founder of the city of Rome was Romulus. According to mythology, he was the son of Mars, the god of war. He was revered by later generations as Quirinus, the god of war. He was the twin brother of Remus. Soon after they were born, their mother was killed. Their grandfather was a king on the Italian peninsula at that time. In order to usurp the throne, his brother sent people to put the brothers in baskets and threw them into the river, hoping to drown them. Unexpectedly, the basket got caught on a branch by the river, and the two children escaped death. It happened that a female wolf who came to the river to drink water discovered them and nursed them with her own milk. They were later discovered by a shepherd and his wife raised them. When the brothers grew up, they killed their great uncle and built a new city. The new city was named Rome after Romulus. To this day, the bronze statue of "She-Wolf Breastfeeding Baby" is still on display in the Roman Museum in Italy.

The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire PPT, Part 2: The Establishment and Expansion of the Roman Republic

(1) Time of establishment: 509 BC

(2) Military expansion

Military foundation: The Romans were martial, and their powerful Roman legions were well-equipped, heroic in combat, and superb in tactics.

Institutional basis: A republic is implemented, with a citizens' assembly, a senate, and a consul. Its political system is a combination of aristocracy and democracy.

Overview of the expansion of the Roman Republic:

①In the early 3rd century BC, Rome conquered the Italian Peninsula;

②In the 2nd century BC, Rome fought several wars for hegemony with the Mediterranean power Carthage, and finally achieved hegemony in the Mediterranean world.

Impact of the expansion of the Roman Republic:

During its expansion, Rome plundered large numbers of slaves and vast territories.

Slavery developed rapidly and slaves were everywhere.

(3) The decline of the Roman Republic: - Spartacus Rebellion

In 73 BC, the gladiatorial slaves became unbearable and a large-scale uprising led by Spartacus broke out.

Results and Impact: Impact Although the uprising failed, it shook the rule of the Roman Republic.

Expand your thinking

With the rapid expansion of territory, the increasing population, and the increasing complexity of social conflicts, Rome's social crisis was unprecedentedly serious. Can the original republic still be maintained?

Must rely on a strong political power - military dictatorship (imperialism)

The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire PPT, Part 3: The Roman Empire

(1) Background of the emergence of the Roman Empire:

In the 1st century BC, with the rapid expansion of territory, the increasing population and the continuous complication of social conflicts, Rome's social crisis was unprecedentedly serious, and the republican system was no longer able to maintain its rule.

(2) Symbols of the establishment of the Roman Empire

In 27 BC, Octavian claimed to be the "head of state" of the Republic, took over the power and became the de facto emperor, and Rome entered the era of the Roman Empire.

(3) The rise of the Roman Empire

① In the 2nd century AD, the territory of the Roman Empire was basically determined: Rome was a large empire spanning Europe, Asia, and Africa, and the Mediterranean Sea became its inland sea (the Mediterranean Sea became a small bathtub for the Romans).

②Heyday.

③Trade is developed.

(4) The division of the Roman Empire

In the 3rd century, the Roman Empire fell into a comprehensive crisis. In 395, the Roman Empire split into two parts: Eastern Rome and Western Rome.

(5) Destruction of Western Rome

In 476, the Western Roman Empire was destroyed by the Germans, and the Eastern Roman Empire continued to develop, with Constantinople as the center, which continued to exist for about a thousand years (destroyed in 1453), and was called the Byzantine Empire.

The rise and fall of the Roman Empire PPT, part 4: The founding of Christianity

(1) Background: The Jews who suffered cruel oppression launched many uprisings, but failed repeatedly. The suppressed people felt desperate and placed their hope in the "Savior" Jesus, eager for him to save them from their suffering.

(2) Time: 1st century AD

(3) Location: Palestine in West Asia

(4) Founder: Jesus

(5) Classic: "The Bible"

(6) Three major Christian holidays: Christmas, Good Friday, and Easter

Christian Doctrine and Classics

doctrine:

① Promote that God is the supreme ruler of the universe and that everyone is equal before God;

② Human beings are born with "original sin". Jesus is the "savior". People endure suffering and can ascend to "heaven" after death.

What kind of person was the legendary Jesus?

Legend has it that Jesus was born in a stable in Bethlehem, Palestine, on December 25. He was the biological son of God and was born to save mankind. He recruited 12 disciples and traveled around to preach. Later, Jesus was betrayed by his disciple Judas and crucified on the cross. The disciples preached that he was resurrected and ascended to heaven three days later.

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Update Time: 2024-09-09

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