"The Rise and Fall of the Ming and Qing Empires" The rise of the unified country and the prosperity of the agricultural economy PPT

"The Rise and Fall of the Ming and Qing Empires" The rise of the unified country and the prosperity of the agricultural economy PPT

Part One: Tutorial Case

1. Background of the establishment of the Ming Dynasty

2. In what aspects was the prosperity of the Ming Dynasty manifested?

3. What were the reasons for the decline of the Ming Dynasty and the outbreak of large-scale peasant uprisings?

4. Why did the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty develop rapidly and gain the support of peasants?

5. Why did the rule of the early Qing Dynasty arouse strong resistance from the people? How did the rulers solve it? What enlightenment can you get from it?

The rise and fall of the Ming and Qing empires PPT, the second part: the establishment of the Ming Dynasty

1. Background: In the late Yuan Dynasty, class conflicts and ethnic conflicts intensified, triggering large-scale peasant uprisings.

Class contradictions (peasant class and landlord class): In the late Yuan Dynasty, land annexation was serious, political rule was dark, coupled with natural disasters and government financial difficulties, people's lives were miserable, and class contradictions intensified.

National conflicts:

After the unification of the Yuan Dynasty, the various ethnic groups in the country were divided into four levels: Mongolians, Semu people, Han people, and Southerners, and strict regulations were made on their political treatment and legal status. Mongolians had the highest status, followed by Semu people, and the status of Han and Southerners The lowest. In politics, it was stipulated that all central and local officials should be held by Mongolians or Semu people in their main posts, and only Hans and Southerners could be held in deputy posts. In particular, most of the official positions in the central government agencies, including the Zhongshu Sheng, the Privy Council, and the Yushitai, were held by Mongolians. Only a few Han people held official positions for a short period of time. As for the important positions in the Privy Council that controlled military aircraft, Han Chinese and Southerners were not allowed to hold them. In each local road, prefecture, prefecture, and county, Mongolians and Semu people were appointed as Daru Huachi who held the actual power. Han Chinese and southerners could only serve as the general manager of the road and the guardian of the prefecture, prefecture, and county. Legally, it is stipulated that if Mongolians beat Han people, Han people are not allowed to retaliate; if Mongolians kill Han people, the murderer will only be punished by going to war, and the family of the deceased will be burned and buried with money; while Han people and southerners who kill Mongolians will be sentenced to death and handed over 50 taels of silver are burned and buried; Han people and southerners must have tattoos for crimes, while Mongolians and Semu people must not have tattoos for crimes. The provisions of the law also strictly prohibited Han and Southern people from owning weapons and horses; Han and Southern people were prohibited from hunting, practicing martial arts, and gatherings, including games to welcome gods, praying in temples, walking at night, and even lighting lamps at night.

2. Create:

In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang led a rebel army to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty and establish the Ming Dynasty, Dingyingtian (today's Nanjing, Jiangsu). Zhu Yuanzhang is the Ming Taizu.

In the autumn of 1368, the Ming army captured Dadu, and the remaining Mongolian forces fled to Mobei. After that, the Ming army successively pacified the northwest and other places and unified China.

The rise and fall of the Ming and Qing empires PPT, the third part: the territory of the Ming Dynasty

1. Circle the approximate territory of the Ming Dynasty on the map, and talk about the similarities and differences with the territory of China today.

The northeast reaches the Sea of ​​Japan, the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, the Wudi River (today's Ula River) basin, the northwest reaches Hami, Xinjiang, the southwest includes today's Tibet and Yunnan, and the southeast reaches the East China Sea, the South China Sea and overseas islands.

2. Find the political power on the map that coexisted with the Ming Dynasty, and consider the factors that influenced Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, to move the capital to Beijing from the geographical location of Beijing.

The rise of the Ming Dynasty

(1) Politically: Strengthening of imperial power

Depose the Prime Minister

Create a cabinet

Establishing a factory security spy agency

Moved the capital to Beijing

(2) Economically: the social economy is restored and developed

Reward land reclamation

Light corvee and small fortune

Improve status as a craftsman

(3) Foreign relations: close foreign exchanges (Zheng He’s voyages to the West)

(4) Mid-to-late period: Economic prosperity of towns and cities (reform of taxation system)

The rise and fall of the Ming and Qing empires PPT, the fourth part: the establishment of the Qing Dynasty

1. The rise of Houjin

In the late Ming Dynasty, the Jurchens in the Northeast region rose to prominence. At the beginning of the 17th century, Nurhachi unified the Jurchen tribes and became independent, establishing the "Da Jin", known as the Later Jin in history.

Tang Dynasty Period: Black Water

Song and Yuan Dynasties: Establishment of the Jin Dynasty

2. The establishment of the Qing Dynasty

Nurhachi and people who have achieved great things have something in common, that is, they both experienced hardships when they were young: his mother died early, his stepmother was mean, and she made a living by picking pine nuts and digging ginseng. Later, he joined the Liaodong General Army of the Ming Dynasty and worked hard to become the leader of Jianzhou Ligustrum, and was canonized by the imperial court. This is simply an inspiring history of blood and tears.

But his ambition prevented him from being satisfied with being just an ordinary "national civil servant." In 40 years, he unified the Jurchen tribes, established the Eight Banners system, created the Manchu language, and established Dajin. In 1619, the banner of resistance to the Ming Dynasty was finally raised.

The Qing Dynasty unified the country

(1) Background:

1. In 1644, Li Zicheng led his army to invade Beijing and overthrew the Ming Dynasty.

2. Wu Sangui, the commander-in-chief of Ningyuan, led the Qing troops into the pass and defeated the rebel army.

3. The rebel army withdrew from Beijing after its defeat in Shanhaiguan.

(2) Action:

The Qing army commander drove out the Zhiren, quickly occupied Beijing and divided his troops to march westward and southward, transforming the local ethnic regime in Liaodong into the Qing Dynasty that ruled the entire China.

The recovery of social economy in the early Qing Dynasty

1. Reason:

(1) In the early 20 to 30 years of the Qing Dynasty, the government implemented bad policies such as large-scale land encirclement, forced inward migration of southeastern coastal residents, and threatened to force Han people to shave their hair and braid their hair, which aroused strong resistance from the people.

(2) The newly established Nanming regime raised the banner of anti-Qing and restoration of Ming in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian.

(3) Some remnants of the late Ming rebel army united with the Southern Ming Dynasty to fight against the Qing Dynasty.

2. Result:

(1) The anti-Qing struggle of the people of all ethnic groups in the early Qing Dynasty prompted the rulers to adjust their barbaric and backward policies and stopped the socio-economic regression.

(2) During the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong dynasties, the social economy resumed development and soon reached a new peak in Chinese history.

Combine the teaching materials to complete the tasks:

1. What harmful policies did the rulers of the early Qing Dynasty pursue? What impact has it brought?

2. What other threats did the Qing Dynasty face at that time?

3. How did the rulers of the early Qing Dynasty solve the above problems? What was the final effect?

4. What inspiration have you gained from the changes in the policies of the rulers in the early Qing Dynasty?

The rise and fall of the Ming and Qing empires PPT, Part 5: Classroom exercises

1. If you are a local official in the Ming Dynasty and want to go to Beijing to see Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, you should go to ( )

A. Chang'an B. Tokyo C. Beijing D. Nanjing

2. Who established the Dongchang spy agency in the Ming Dynasty ( )

A.Ming Chengzu B.Ming Taizu C.Ming Yingzong D.Ming Jingdi

3. In October 2000, a state-owned enterprise named "Jinyiwei" appeared in Suzhou, Jiangsu. Many people have sharply criticized this naming. The essence reflected in the term "Jinyiwei" is ( )

A. High economic development B. Strengthening of the autocratic system

C. The improvement of national supervision institutions D. The prosperity of ideology and culture

4. The range of questions in the imperial examination in the Ming Dynasty is ( )

A. "Book of Songs" B. Four Books and Five Classics

C. "Twenty-Four Histories" D. Eight-legged essay

5. The Ming army captured most of the capital, and the Yuan Dynasty fell in ( )

A. 1351 B. 1368

C. 1636 D. 1644

6. The dynasty that laid the foundation for the formation of a unified multi-ethnic country in my country and the national territory of China is ( )

A. Tang Dynasty b. Yuan Dynasty c. Ming Dynasty D. Qing Dynasty

7． The further strengthening of the monarchy in the Ming Dynasty was reflected in the establishment of ( )

A. Prime Minister B. cabinet

C. Writing a book while traveling D. Factory Security Agent

8. "Looking forward to King Chuang, welcoming King Chuang. When King Chuang comes, he will not pay for food." The person who is called King Chuang by the people is ( )

A. Zhang Xianzhong B. Li Zicheng

C. Gao Yingxiang D. Nurhachi

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