"The Rise of Asia, Africa and Latin America" ​​PPT Courseware 3 on the Independence and Revitalization of Asian, African and Latin American Countries

Description

"The Rise of Asia, Africa and Latin America" ​​PPT Courseware 3 on the Independence and Revitalization of Asian, African and Latin American Countries

【learning target】

1. Understand and master the independence and revitalization of India and other Asian countries; the process of African national independence and the significance of its victory; the Cuban Revolution and the recovery of Panama Canal sovereignty and other relevant historical facts.

2. Master the geographical scope of the Middle East, its important value in transportation, economy, etc., the complexity of the Middle East issues, and the historical figures who have made outstanding contributions to solving problems in the region.

3. Through the study of this course, realize that the national liberation movements in Asia, Africa and Latin America disintegrated the imperialist colonial system. The Palestinian-Israeli conflict is the center of the entire Middle East peace process. Ethnic disputes cannot be resolved by force. Only tolerance can truly restore peace.

[Learning Key Points]

1. India’s independence and economic development;

2. The wave of African national independence.

3. The complex contradictions in the Middle East

[Difficulties in learning]

1. Partition of India and Pakistan

2. The Panamanian people take back their sovereignty over the Panama Canal.

3. Reasons for frequent wars in the Middle East.

Learn relevant content independently (read intensively in large characters, skip reading in small characters, and pay attention to the pictures and annotations in the text), independently complete the following questions, and mark them out in the textbook:

1. Why were the colonial countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America able to achieve true independence after World War II?

2. Taking India as an example, what is the background of India’s independence? How is it independent? How has the economy developed since independence? What impact has it had on the world? What are the implications?

3. What is the background of the wave of national independence in Africa after World War II? How is the process? What impact has it had?

4. What are the struggles in Latin America to defend national sovereignty? What's the overview?

5. Understand the geographical location of the Middle East.

6. The background, causes, and process of the outbreak of the war in the Middle East.

7. What are the complex conflicts in the Middle East?

1. Independence and revitalization of Asian countries

(1) India’s independence and economic development

1.India’s Independence

(1)Background:

① India was originally the largest colony in Asia and was under direct British rule for 200 years.

② Since the failure of the great national uprising against the British in 1857, India has carried out many national independence struggles. After World War II, India's national independence movement reached a new upsurge. Britain was forced to agree to Indian independence.

(2)Independence:

① In 1947, Britain was forced to agree to India's independence, but decided to divide the original India into two countries: India and Pakistan, and implement the partition of India and Pakistan.

②In 1950, the Republic of India was established. (Nehru)

In 1956, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was established. (Jinnah)

【Thinking and exploring】

Why does the UK implement a "divide and rule" policy against the UK? What were the consequences? What do you think of the partition of India and Pakistan?

Purpose: To weaken India.

Consequences: On the one hand, India and Pakistan became independent through the partition of India and Pakistan. On the other hand, the "divide and rule" policy implemented by the British has deepened ethnic and religious conflicts in the region.

Opinion: The partition of India and Pakistan is not only the result of the national independence movement, which made India and Pakistan independent successively; it is also one of the root causes that is not conducive to the social stability and development of India and Pakistan. The core of the "Mountbatten Plan" was to divide autonomous territories based on religion rather than on language, culture or ethnic differences. The resulting separation of India and Pakistan caused endless troubles. For example, the issue of the ownership of Kashmir and the religious dispute between Muslims and Hindus have all caused bloody conflicts and wars between India and Pakistan and become the root cause of the conflict between India and Pakistan.

(2) Independence and development of other Asian countries

1. Independence Before and after India’s independence, many colonies and semi-colonies in Asia gained independence.

2. Development: Many countries in Asia have followed their own national conditions and chosen a path suitable for their own development, thus creating miracles of economic development and becoming modern countries. For example, China's Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Singapore are developing rapidly economically and are known as the Four Asian Tigers.

3. Influence: As a new force, the vast number of developing countries in Asia have also played an important role in regional and international affairs, such as organizing the "Non-Aligned Movement" and the Group of 77, which have played an important role in promoting the establishment of a fair and reasonable international political economy. New Order contributed.

4. Enlightenment: Independence is a prerequisite for the development of a country.

2. The wave of national independence in Africa

1. Egypt’s independence

①In 1952, an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution broke out in Egypt. The revolutionary forces headed by Nasser launched an armed uprising and won Egypt's true independence, marking the beginning of African independence.

②In 1956, Egypt announced that it would nationalize the Suez Canal, which greatly safeguarded Egypt's national interests and national sovereignty.

2. “Year of African Independence”

In 1960, 17 independent countries emerged in Africa, so this year was called the "Year of African Independence".

3. Namibia’s independence in March 1990 marked the end of five centuries of European colonists’ invasion and enslavement of Africa, and the final collapse of the imperialist colonial system in Africa.

3. The struggle to defend national sovereignty in Latin America

1.Cuba

① In 1959, under the leadership of Castro, Cuba overthrew the puppet regime supported by the United States through armed struggle, established a revolutionary government, and embarked on the road to socialism.

②After long-term efforts, Cuba has established an independent economic system, and the cultural level of its citizens has also continued to improve.

2. Panama

①The Panama Canal is a famous international shipping waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and has important economic and strategic significance.

②At the end of 1999, Panama finally took back all rights to the Panama Canal from the United States.

(2) War in the Middle East

1. Background: The formation of the Palestinian issue

A. Historically, both Jews (Hebrews) and Arabs have lived in Palestine. In the 1st century AD, the Jewish state perished and the Jews fled their homes and dispersed around the world. The Zionist movement that emerged at the end of the 19th century caused a large number of Jews to immigrate to Palestine, and led to many bloody conflicts with the local Arabs.

B. After World War I, Palestine became a British "mandate", and Britain agreed to establish a "Jewish National Home" in Palestine.

C. The Jewish experience of persecution in World War II gained much sympathy from the world. After the war, the United Nations passed the Palestinian partition resolution, stipulating the establishment of a Jewish state and an Arab state in the Palestinian territories, and the internationalization of Jerusalem.

D. The State of Israel was proclaimed in 1948, but the State of Palestine was not born.

(The Palestinian state has not yet been born.) Since then, fighting has continued in the region.

2. Reason: Palestinian-Israeli partition

United Nations Partition Resolution:

The entire Palestinian land of the West Bank is divided into two parts

The Jewish state covers an area of ​​15,850 square kilometers (57%) and has a population of more than 600,000 (1/3);

An Arab country with an area of ​​11,000 square kilometers (43%) and a population of more than 1.3 million (2/3).

(3) Complex contradictions in the Middle East

Reasons for unrest:

1. Competition among major powers is an important source of constant conflicts in the Middle East. The Middle East has an important strategic position and is rich in oil resources. The region has become a hot spot for world powers in various historical periods.

2. Historical, religious, racial and other factors make conflicts in the Middle East more complicated.

3. Competition for water resources also intensifies conflicts.

4. The issue of sovereignty and ownership of Jerusalem is the most thorny issue in Palestinian-Israeli relations. The Palestinian-Israeli conflict has become the key issue in the Middle East.

(5) The future of the Middle East issue

1. Use peaceful means rather than the use of force.

2. Reasonable allocation of water resources

3. Seeking cultural identity

4.Palestine Refugee Issue

5. U.S. Middle East Policy

To summarize

The Middle East peace process has a long way to go. The most important thing is to reduce the interference of big powers in the region's power politics, give full play to the peacekeeping role of the United Nations, use the power of world peace to regulate disputes in the region, and completely resolve the long-standing conflicts in the region. .

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Update Time: 2024-10-23

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