"The Rise of the Mongols and the Unification of the Country by the Yuan Dynasty" PPT courseware on the competition between national political power and the development of the southern economy

"The Rise of the Mongols and the Unification of the Country by the Yuan Dynasty" PPT courseware on the competition between national political power and the development of the southern economy

teaching objectives:

1. By studying this lesson, learn about the rise of the Mongolian people, Genghis Khan's unification of Mongolia and the establishment of political power. Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty.

2. The unification of the Yuan Dynasty, the provincial system and implementation of the Yuan Dynasty, and the recovery and development of the economy (transportation, cities) make students realize that the unification of the country further promotes the integration of nationalities.

3. Understand the territory of the Yuan Dynasty.

Self-study guide:

1. Genghis Khan’s main political achievements?

2. The time, founder, and capital of the Yuan Dynasty.

3. Understand Wen Tianxiang’s anti-Yuan story.

4. What measures did Kublai Khan take to consolidate unification?

5. How were the Hui people formed?

6. What was the territory of the Yuan Dynasty?

The Yuan Dynasty unified the country

① Improve central control

Zhongshu Province, the highest administrative organ

Privy Council, the highest military body

Yushitai, the highest supervisory authority

Xuanzheng Yuan, in charge of religious affairs and jurisdiction over Tibet

"The country is based on the people, the people are based on food, and the food and clothing are based on agriculture and mulberry trees" - "Yuan Shi Shi Huo Zhi"

1. It is prohibited to enclose farmland for pasture;

2. Establish an agency specifically in charge of agriculture and send people to local areas to inspect agricultural production (the standard for assessing the performance of local officials is "increasing household registration and opening up fields");

3. Recruit refugees, encourage land reclamation, and provide tax exemption for one year and halve the tax for the second year; organize military and civilian settlements;

4. Construct water conservancy (the central and local governments set up the Capital Water Supervision and River Drainage Department respectively) and regulate the Yellow and Huaihe River systems;

5. Change the unreasonable and circuitous direction of the Grand Canal in the Sui Dynasty, which used both water and land.

Reasons for the unification of the Yuan Empire:

① After a long war, the people long for reunification, which is an inevitable trend of historical development;

②The Mongolian ruling group headed by Kublai Khan controls powerful military forces;

③ Use strategies and tactics correctly;

④The decadence of regimes such as the Southern Song Dynasty;

Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty and unified the country

In 1. ( ), Kublai Khan ascended the throne in Kaiping, and for the first time adopted the era name of the Central Plains dynasty to establish the Yuan Dynasty. In ( ) year, the country was named ( ). ( ) year, with ( ) as the capital. Kublai Khan is ( ).

2. In ( ) year, the Yuan army occupied ( ), and the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed. In ( ), the Yuan army unified the country and achieved unprecedented national unification since the late Tang Dynasty.

Knowledge display:

( ) ( ) and other ethnic groups that entered the Central Plains since the Tang Dynasty gradually integrated with ( ). People who came to China from ( ) ( ) and other places lived together with other ethnic groups for a long time, exchanged marriages, and formed a new nation - ( ).

The territory of the Yuan Dynasty was unprecedentedly vast, reaching ( ) in the north and ( ) in the south, more than any other dynasty in history. The establishment of the vast territory of the Yuan Dynasty ( ) was of great significance to the subsequent establishment of our country's territory.

The unification of the Yuan Dynasty made it possible for people of all ethnic groups in the country to live in a ( ) environment ( ).

Homework:

1. The figure who unified all Mongolian tribes in the 13th century was ( )

2. "Preface to the History and Geography of the Yuan Dynasty" says: There is a world in which the Han, Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties were most prosperous. However, the territory was not as vast as that of the Yuan Dynasty. Do you think this statement makes sense based on the texts you have learned before? Think about it, why was the territory of the Yuan Dynasty so vast as never before? What impact did the unification of the Yuan Dynasty have on the history of our country?

There are three main reasons: (1) The Mongolians are nomadic and have a large range of activities. In addition, they have a proud ancestor who personally led the army in battles and set an example of bravery and conquest for their children and grandchildren; (2) Genghis Khan After his death, his children and grandchildren continued to live in Eurasia.

Established several Mongolian states; (3) Although the northern ethnic minorities before the Yuan Dynasty had many political powers and once had powerful political powers, no ethnic minority had ever unified the whole of China. Kublai Khan completed the unification of the whole of China, making The Yuan Dynasty ruled a very vast area.

3Q: The unification of the Yuan Dynasty had an important impact on the history of our country: First, for the first time in the history of our country, ethnic minorities unified the country, which strengthened the identification of all ethnic groups with the Chinese nation family; second, it strengthened the centripetal force of the Chinese nation. The Chinese nation has never experienced a large-scale or long-term national division, which is conducive to the development of the Chinese nation.

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