"The Rise of Mongolia and the Establishment of the Yuan Dynasty" PPT courseware on the rule of the Yuan Dynasty and the development of ethnic relations

"The Rise of Mongolia and the Establishment of the Yuan Dynasty" PPT courseware on the rule of the Yuan Dynasty and the development of ethnic relations

learning target

1. Understand the rise of Mongolia; Genghis Khan unified Mongolia;

2. Understand the establishment of the Mongolian regime by Genghis Khan;

3. The establishment of the Yuan Dynasty and Wen Tianxiang’s anti-Yuan struggle.

Research point: Genghis Khan and the rise of Mongolia

1. In the 12th century, various tribes in Mongolia were constantly fighting.

2. Temujin unified all Mongolian tribes (13th century)

3. Establishment of the Mongol Khanate (1206)

Background before the unification of Mongolia

There is no escape, only charge and fight.

There is no peace and happiness, only killing each other.

Genghis Khan

Temujin, born in 1162, was promoted as "Khan" in 1189. From then on, he began the cause of unifying Mongolia and Mobei. In 1206, the Mongol Khanate was established. In 1227, Xixia was destroyed. In July 1227, he died of illness in Salikawa.

1. Basic situation of Mongolian unification.

The Mongols are an ancient nomadic people in northern my country. In the 12th century, the various Mongolian tribes in the Mongolian grasslands were constantly fighting with each other. Temujin completed the unification of the Mongolian grasslands in the early 13th century.

2. The establishment of Mongolia.

In 1206, Temujin convened a gathering of Mongolian nobles from various tribes at the source of the Onan River. Temujin was elected as Great Khan by various tribes, respectfully called "Genghis Khan", and established the Mongolian Khanate.

What is Genghis Khan's most outstanding historical achievement?

Unified Mongolia.

In 1206, Mongolia was established.

Since then, the long-term melee in the Mongolian grasslands has ended.

Genghis Khan is praised as "a genius of a generation". Do you think it is appropriate? Please explain why.

Answer: ① Unified all the Mongolian ministries, established the Mongol Khanate, ended the division of Mongolia, and conformed to the people's wishes. (positive)

② Created Mongolian characters and promoted the development of Mongolian society and culture. (positive)

③ Active external expansion, especially the Western Expedition, greatly changed the political structure of Asia and Europe and affected the development of world history. (positive)

④ During the Western Expedition, they also massacred and plundered the conquered areas, bringing catastrophe to the local areas. (negative)

⑤In short, his merits outweighed his faults. He was an outstanding politician and military strategist in Mongolia in ancient my country, and he was worthy of being called a "genius of a generation."

Research point: The successive demise of Xixia, Jin and Southern Song Dynasty

1. Read the textbook and understand the process of Mongolia's unification of China

Xixia-Jin-Southern Song Dynasty.

2. Organize the situation of Mongolia’s demise of Xixia and Jin according to the textbook.

(1) Mongolia destroyed Xixia: In 1227, Xixia was destroyed. On the eve of the fall of Xixia, Genghis Khan died of illness in the army.

(2) Mongolia destroyed the Jin: After the fall of Xixia, Mongolia united with the Southern Song Dynasty to attack the Jin and destroyed the Jin in 1234.

(3) Mongolia destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty: After the Mongols destroyed the Jin Dynasty, they immediately began to attack the Southern Song Dynasty and captured Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty in 1276. The Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed.

(4) Through three western expeditions, the Mongolian army occupied a vast area from today's Central Asia to eastern Europe. The Western Expedition brought suffering to the people of all countries, but objectively it promoted the exchange of Chinese and Western cultures and promoted the integration of nationalities in various places.

Thinking: The unification of the Yuan Dynasty conformed to the flow of historical development, was the aspiration of the people, and the general trend. Wen Tianxiang organized the anti-Yuan struggle and persevered. Do you think he is worthy of admiration? Why? How to evaluate Wen Tianxiang?

Reason: He was unyielding and showed noble integrity in the struggle against Yuan Dynasty.

Evaluation: We have to see both sides of things. Wen Tianxiang's resistance to the Yuan Dynasty was against the national oppression of the Mongolian aristocrats. It was consistent with the aspirations of the people and was a just act. After the failure of the Anti-Yuan Dynasty, he showed an unyielding spirit and noble integrity, which should be respected and commemorated by future generations. Therefore, we affirm Wen Tianxiang's resistance to the Yuan Dynasty, but we do not deny the progressive nature of the Yuan's unification, but the two perspectives are different.

Research point: The establishment of the Yuan Dynasty

1. Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty (1271)

Changed the name of the country to Dayuan and established the capital as Dadu. Yuan Shizu adopted Han system and Han law.

2. In 1279, the Yuan Dynasty defeated the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty and completed the unification of the country.

3. Yuan’s territory and measures to consolidate unity.

Measures taken by Yuan Dynasty to consolidate unity (politically)

①In the central government: Establish Zhongshu Province

② For local areas: Establish Xingzhongshu Province (Xingzhongshu Province)

③For Tubo (Tibet): Set up the Xuanzhengyuan

④For Fujian and Taiwan: Establish Penghu Inspection Department

The establishment of the provincial system

Purpose: To effectively rule the Yuan Dynasty, which had an unprecedentedly vast territory

content

Central Committee: Set up the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China

Place: Establish Xing Zhongshu Province (referred to as "Xing Province")

Function: It strengthens the jurisdiction over all parts of the country, greatly strengthens the connection between the central and local governments, and the central plains and frontiers, and promotes the integration of ethnic groups; it is a major development of the county and county system since the Qin Dynasty, and is conducive to the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country. , which had a profound influence on the political system of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

An overview of the territory of the Yuan Dynasty.

The Yuan Dynasty was the first national unified dynasty established mainly by ethnic minority nobles in the history of our country. The territory of the Yuan Dynasty "extended the Yinshan Mountains in the north, the quicksands in the west, the Liaozuo in the east, and the sea surface in the south." The territory exceeded that of the Han and Tang Dynasties.

1. Which of the following dynasties had the most extensive territory ( )

A.Qin Dynasty B.Han Dynasty C.Tang Dynasty D.Yuan Dynasty

2. Genghis Khan’s main achievements are ( )

A. Destroy Xixia B. Unify Mongolia

C. Establish the Yuan Dynasty D. Make Dadu the capital

3. The hero who resisted the unification of the Yuan Dynasty was ( )

A. Yue Fei B. Guan Yu C. Wen Tianxiang D. Han Shizhong

4. The following dynasties that are not part of the dynasties that ended division and reunified China are ( )

A. Qin Dynasty B. Sui Dynasty C. Song Dynasty D. Yuan Dynasty

5. The establishment of provincial-level administrative regions in my country began in the _____ Dynasty ( )

A.Qin B.Tang C.Sui D.Yuan

6. According to the administrative divisions of the Yuan Dynasty, Tibet now belongs to ( )

A. Zhongshu Province B. Xingzhongshu Province C. Xuanzhengyuan D. Autonomous Region

7. Taiwan has been a territory of China since ancient times. During the Yuan Dynasty, Taiwan was called ( )

A.Ryuqiu B.Isu C.Ryukyu D.Dadu

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"The Rise of Mongolia and the Establishment of the Yuan Dynasty" The rule of the Yuan Dynasty and the development of ethnic relations PPT courseware 2:

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