"The Rise of Christianity and the Frankish Kingdom" PPT courseware

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"The Rise of Christianity and the Frankish Kingdom" PPT courseware

Part One: The Rise of Christianity

1.Background

In the 1st century, in the Palestinian area under the rule of the Roman Empire, the Jews had suffered for a long time and longed for the arrival of a "savior."

2. Development situation

Christianity originated in the 1st century AD; at the beginning of the 4th century, it gained legal status. At the end of the 4th century, Christianity was designated as the state religion of Rome.

3. Founder Jesus

4.Christian doctrines and classics:

① Promote that God is the supreme ruler of the universe and that everyone is equal before God;

② Human beings are born with "original sin". Jesus is the "savior". People endure suffering and can ascend to "heaven" after death.

The Rise of Christianity and the Frankish Kingdom PPT, Part 2: The Frankish Kingdom

Date of establishment: 481 years.

Founder: Clovis.

Key measures:

(1) Clovis converted to Christianity and recognized the important position of the Roman Church in Europe;

(2) In the process of conquering the Roman Empire, he confiscated 2/3 of the land and divided it among his own soldiers, courtiers and bishops.

The Rise of Christianity and the Frankish Kingdom PPT, Part Three: Lords and Vassals

1. Background In the early 8th century, the Frankish Kingdom reformed the land enfeoffment form. main content:

1. The system of unconditional land donation was abolished and the fief system was implemented. The land confiscated from the rebel nobles and some church lands were given to the nobles, but they had to perform military service for the king, fulfill their obligations as subjects, and swear allegiance.

2. The giver of the fief is also obliged to protect the recipient of the loyal service from others.

3. It is stipulated that the fief shall not be hereditary and shall be limited to life. If the recipient fails to perform his obligations or dies, the grantor shall have the right to take back the fief and terminate the fief relationship. If the previous relationship continues. It must be re-enfranchised.

2. Intertwined rights and obligations

(1) Obligations of vassals to their lords

Harmless, that is, it cannot harm the body of the prince;

Safety, ensure the safety of the prince, cannot neglect defense, and cannot abandon responsibilities;

Loyalty, respect and integrity, and cannot do anything harmful to the reputation of the monarch in judicial trials;

To perform military service, as a vassal, you should be called upon for military tasks at any time. The core task is mainly defensive work, which should be maintained until the enemy retreats;

Providing money has a wide range of content, such as providing financial support (that is, ransom) when the prince is in an emergency, providing knighthoods for the prince's children, expenses for weddings, and expenses for the prince's travels.

Advice and put forward various opinions so that the prince can make the most reasonable judgment, and he can handle everything no matter how small it is.

(2) Obligations of a vassal to his vassals

The vassal cannot arbitrarily infringe on the vassal's honor, personal and property safety; when the vassal is attacked by external attacks, the vassal must provide protection.

3.Features

The relationship between the lord and his vassals was strictly hierarchical, with land as the link; enfeoffment was divided layer by layer; rights and obligations were intertwined, with a certain contractual significance.

4.Influence

Since the feudal hierarchy was formed by the division of land into layers, lords and vassals at all levels had obligations to each other. Therefore, vassals, that is, vassals, only recognize the lord to whom they are directly entrusted as lord, but they have no vassal relationship with the lord to whom they are lord. Therefore, the phenomenon of "my vassal's vassal is not my vassal" appeared in medieval Western Europe. This complex relationship created a mess of rights and obligations among the feudal lords, causing constant competition and melee among the feudal lords.

The Rise of Christianity and the Frankish Kingdom PPT, Part 4: Charlemagne’s Empire

1.Expansion of the Frankish Kingdom

In the 8th century, Charles became the king of the Franks, conquering and expanding.

Expansion scope

Around 800, the territory of the Frankish Kingdom expanded to the vast areas of today's northern Italy, northern Spain and western Germany. It was basically equivalent to the European part of the original Western Roman Empire, and became the largest kingdom in Western Europe at that time.

2. Crowned as emperor

Historical materials The combination of secular government and church is an important feature of Charlemagne's regime. Strengthening the alliance with the church was one of the important reasons for Charlemagne's success. Charlemagne, as a protector of the church, tried his best to protect and improve the rights of the Roman church. Every time he conquered a place, he strengthened the power of Christianity, forced them to convert to Christianity, required the people to pay "tithes", and also tried his best to maintain the dominance of the Roman Pope.

In 795, Pope Leo III ascended to the papal throne through conspiracy and was opposed by some of the great nobles of Rome. Leo sent an envoy to the Frankish Kingdom to seek help from Charlemagne, and presented the keys to Peter's Basilica and the flag of Rome to Charles as a sign of surrender and loyalty. He received support from Charles and thus retained his position. In April 799, Leo III was deposed by the Roman nobles and fled Rome alone.

In 800, Charlemagne rescued Leo III and personally sent him back to Rome to help him recover. So this Christmas. A grateful Leo III crowned Charles and awarded him the title "Emperor of the Romans". From then on, the Frankish Kingdom became the Empire of Charlemagne.

3. The fragmentation of Charlemagne’s empire

In 814, Charlemagne died. In 843, Charlemagne's three grandsons concluded a treaty, dividing the country into three, forming the prototype of the subsequent countries of Germany, France and Italy. According to the agreement, the three kingdoms have no affiliation with each other.

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"The Rise of Christianity and the Frankish Kingdom" PPT download:

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Update Time: 2024-09-19

This template belongs to History courseware People's Education Press Ninth Grade History Volume 1 industry PPT template

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