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"The Replacement of Three Ancient Dynasties" PPT Courseware 2 during the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties
Basic knowledge review
1. After the Yellow Emperor, there were three tribal alliance leaders with both ability and political integrity in the Yellow River Basin: _____, _____, and _____; the way they recommended leaders was called _____.
2. _____ used _____ method to control water successfully.
3. _____ established the Xia Dynasty, and the __________ system replaced the "concession system".
1. The replacement of Xia, Shang and Zhou
(Early 21st century BC - 771 BC)
Do you know what century means?
This year is 2016. Do you know what kind of calendar this is?
Do you know what century and decade it is in 2016?
The Christian era is also called the Christian era. It begins its history with the legendary birth year of Jesus Christ, which is the first year of AD. In China, this year happens to be the first year of Emperor Ping of the Western Han Dynasty. Taking this year as the boundary, the time before this is called years BC, and the time after this is called years AD or directly called ×× years. Note that it cannot be written as AD ×× years. my country began to adopt the AD calendar in 1949. Current history textbooks actually express historical time by converting various dating methods into AD years.
When determining which century a certain year is in, you can use a simple method:
(1) The year is a two-digit number, that is, between 1 and 99, then the year must be in the first century AD.
(2) The year is a three-digit number, that is, between 100 and 999. Then add 1 to the first digit of the year to get the century in which the year is located. For example, in AD 618, the first digit is 6, 6+1=7, so this year is in the 7th century AD.
(3) The year is a four-digit number, that is, if it is above 1,000, then add 1 to the first two digits of the year to get the century. For example, in 1840, the first two digits are 18, 18+1=19, so this year is within the 19th century AD.
A century in the Gregorian calendar is divided into early (early), middle, late (end), or the first half, the second half, etc. The early period generally refers to the first 30 years of a century, the middle period refers to the middle 50 years of a century, the late period refers to the last 20 years of a century, and the first half and the second half refer to the first 50 years and the last 50 years of a century.
Century conversion method: Hundreds + 1
Calculation of time across the first year of AD: Add two numbers - 1. For example, how many years is the difference between 1046 BC and 2013 AD?
2. The establishment of the Shang Dynasty (16th century BC)
Pan Geng moved to Yin: 1300 BC
After Pan Geng moved to Yin, he settled in Yin for more than 270 years until the fall of the Shang Dynasty, and no longer moved. Later generations also called the Shang Dynasty the Yin Dynasty, or Yin Shang.
Cause: Floods and political unrest
Significance: Pan Geng's move to Yin was an important turning point in the historical development of the Shang Dynasty. It stabilized the rule of the Shang Dynasty, was a turning point for the Shang Dynasty from turmoil to stability, and was also the premise and guarantee for the further development of the Shang Dynasty's politics and economy.
3. The establishment and territory of the Western Zhou Dynasty
activity exploration
Legend has it that after the Battle of Muye, King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty climbed to a mountain peak and had a bird's-eye view of the mountains and rivers of the world. Facing the sky, he sighed: "Alas, Yin Zhou was not good at taking advantage of God's will and lost his destiny. I can't forget this terrible thing for a moment!" On the way back to Haojing, King Wu of Zhou was worried all the way and could not sleep at night. answer:
①What measures did King Wu of Zhou take to strengthen the rule of the country?
②What role did these measures play at that time?
③If you were the Emperor of Zhou, how would you govern the country?
Please turn to page 26 of the textbook, read the text carefully, and then underline the corresponding answers in the textbook based on the questions raised by the teacher.
The purpose, content and function of the enfeoffment system implemented by Emperor Zhou (the relationship between the enfeoffment method and the king of Zhou and the princes).
①What is the purpose of enfeoffment?
②If I were the king of Zhou, how should I enfeoff? To whom? What are the benefits (rights) and obligations of the enfeoffees?
③What are the functions of the enfeoffment system?
④What are the limitations of the enfeoffment system?
Feudalism and Patriarchalism
In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to consolidate the Zhou Dynasty's long-term rule over the country, the Emperor of Zhou granted nobles with the same surname and heroes with different surnames as princes. The ennobled princes must obey the orders of the Emperor of Zhou, meet the Emperor regularly, pay tribute to the Emperor, and assume the obligation to lead troops to fight with the Emperor. It changed the relatively loose alliance-style political system of the Shang Dynasty and strengthened the emperor's subordinate relationship with the princes.
effect
A. The King of Zhou established his status as the co-lord of the world and strengthened his local rule;
B. Through enfeoffment, the Zhou people's sphere of influence continued to expand, and they gradually built a transportation network throughout the country, forming a political pattern that looked like stars to the Zhou royal family;
C. The enfeoffment system enabled the aristocratic group of the Western Zhou Dynasty to form a hierarchical sequence of "King of Zhou - princes - ministers, officials - scholars";
Talk about it
Read textbook P26, compare it with textbook P26 "Schematic Diagram of Patriarchal System", and talk about:
1. What is patriarchal system?
2. What is the core content of patriarchal system?
3. What is the role of patriarchal system?
Contents of the patriarchal system:
1. The clan system is a measure used by the Zhou people to combine blood ties with political relations;
2. The patriarchal system established a strict system of large and small clans;
3. The relationship between large and small sects is relative;
4. The relationship between large clans and small clans is not only a family hierarchy relationship, but also a political affiliation relationship.
Evaluation of the patriarchal system:
The patriarchal kinship network tightly woven by layers of hierarchy played a role in maintaining the political hierarchy and stabilizing social order in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The patriarchal system has had a profound historical impact in Chinese history.
1. In the patriarchal system of the feudal state of Lu in the Western Zhou Dynasty, those with the largest status were:
A.King of Zhou B.King of Lu C.Qing Dafu D.Shi
2. Through the implementation of the patriarchal system, a huge clan network was formed in the Western Zhou Dynasty. "A large sect can lead a small sect, and a small sect can lead a group of brothers." According to the provisions of the patriarchal system, the following can definitely become a large sect within the relevant scope:
1) The Zhou royal family - the son of the Zhou king’s wife
2) Zhou royal family - the eldest son and eldest grandson of King Zhou
3) The vassal states - the eldest son and eldest grandson of the vassals
4) The fiefdom of Qing Dafu - the eldest son and eldest grandson of Qing Dafu
A.1234 B.123 C.234 D.23
3. A certain prince purchased a daughter when he was young and gave birth to son A. Three years later, he officially married the daughter of another prince and gave birth to sons B and C. Later, he enriched the harem with several daughters and gave birth to more than ten children. After the prince dies, the person who can legally inherit his throne should be
A, A B, B C, C D, D
Practice in class
1. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to consolidate its rule over the surrounding areas, the system of "granting people and territory" was implemented ( )
A. abdication system b. Hereditary system C. Enfeoffment system D. Patriarchal system
2. Which statement about the role of feudalism in the Western Zhou Dynasty is incorrect ( )
A. Those who were granted the title were obliged to obey the rule of the King of Zhou and govern the vassal states.
B． It strengthened the relationship between the Western Zhou Dynasty and various ethnic minorities and stabilized its rule over the country.
C. Promote economic development and cultural development in remote areas
D. This has created a situation in which many states are separated from the central government, hindering social development.
3. Do you think the lowest social class in Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty was ( )
A. Doctor Qing B． Disciple C． civilian D. slave
4． Among the following classes, those who belonged to the ruling class of Xia, Shang and Zhou countries include ( )
①Emperor ②Princes ③Qing Dafu ④Scholar ⑤Commoner ⑥Slave
A. ①②③ B. ①②③④ C. ①②③④⑤ D. ①②③⑤⑥
5. How many centuries and decades was 770 BC? How many years ago?
870s BC, 2775 years ago
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