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Authoritative PPT Summary
"The Relationship between Acceleration, Force and Mass" Newton's Laws of Motion PPT
Part One: Clarify the Principles
1. Experimental purpose
1. Explore the relationship between acceleration, force, and mass.
2. Learn to use the controlled variable method to explore physical laws.
2. Experimental equipment
Wooden board with fixed pulley, thin pad, trolley, string, weight (small hook or sand bucket, etc.), dotting timer, paper tape, AC power supply, balance, weights, scale.
3. Experimental Principle and Design
control variable method
1. Keeping the mass m of the object constant, explore the relationship between acceleration a and force F.
2. Keeping the force on the object the same, explore the relationship between acceleration a and mass m.
There is a key point in the experimental design: how to measure the resultant external force on the car? A common method is to raise one end of the wooden board so that the trolley can move at a constant speed when it is not pulling heavy objects. At this time, the component of the trolley's gravity along the inclined plane just offsets the friction and other resistance it experiences; at the same time, the mass of the hung weight should be far away. Less than the mass of the car. Under this condition, the corresponding gravity of the weight can be approximately considered to be equal to the total external force acting on the car.
4. Experimental steps
1. Place the trolley on a wooden board with fixed pulleys, pass the paper tape through the dotting timer and hang it on the tail of the trolley.
2. Use a thin pad to raise one end of the board and adjust its inclination until the dots made by the dot timer on the paper tape are evenly distributed when the car is moving.
3. Hang a heavy object on one end of the string, and tie the other end to the front end of the car through a fixed pulley. Note that the mass of the heavy object should be much smaller than the mass of the trolley.
4. Put the car close to the dotting timer and start the dotting timer. Later, release the car from standstill. The dot timer marks a series of dots on the paper tape, from which the acceleration of the car is calculated. Keep the mass of the trolley unchanged, increase the mass of the heavy objects (the total mass of the heavy objects is still much smaller than the mass of the trolley), repeat the experiment, and record the different pulling forces on the trolley and the corresponding calculated accelerations.
5. Keep the weight unchanged, increase or decrease the weight on the trolley to change the mass of the trolley, repeat the experiment, and record the mass of the trolley and the corresponding acceleration.
5. Data processing
1. The mass of the object is constant, explore the relationship between acceleration and force
From the data in the table, make a-F images with a constant mass m and draw conclusions.
2. The force on the object is constant, explore the relationship between acceleration and mass
From the data in the table, draw an image of a-1m when the force F remains unchanged, and draw a conclusion.
6. Error analysis
7. Precautions
1. Do not hang heavy objects when balancing friction. After the friction is balanced throughout the experiment, there is no need to rebalance the friction no matter whether the mass of the bucket and sand or the mass of the trolley and weights are changed in the future.
2. In the experiment, it must be satisfied that the total mass of the car and the weight is much greater than the total mass of the bucket and sand. Only in this way can the total gravitational force of the bucket and sand be regarded as equal to the pulling force on the car.
3. When making an image, as many points as possible should be on the straight line, and points not on the straight line should be distributed as evenly as possible on both sides of the straight line. Points far away from the straight line are erroneous data and can be discarded and not considered.
4. When releasing the car, the car should be close to the dotting timer and the power should be turned on first before releasing the car.
PPT on the relationship between acceleration and force and mass, part 2: interpretation of typical examples
Experimental principles and operations
Use the device as shown in the figure to study the relationship between the car's acceleration a and the car's mass m when the force F is constant. The experimental steps designed by a student are as follows:
A. Weigh the mass of the cart and weight using a scale
B． Install the experimental equipment according to the diagram
C. Tie a light rope to the trolley and hang the weight around the fixed pulley
D． Connect the electromagnetic dotting timer to the battery with a voltage of 6 V, turn on the power, let go of the car, the dotting timer will mark a series of dots on the paper tape, and mark the mass of the car on the paper tape.
E. Keep the mass of the weight unchanged, increase the number of weights on the trolley, record the m value after each increase, and repeat the above experiment.
F. Analyze each strip, measure and calculate the acceleration value
G． Make an image of the am-m relationship and determine the am-m relationship from the image
(1) The important experimental step that the student missed is __________, which should be ranked after the ________ experiment.
(2) In the above steps, the error is ________, and ______________ should be changed to ______________.
(3) In the above steps, the inappropriate processing is _________, and ____________ should be changed to ____________.
Data processing and error analysis
The experimental device for "exploring the relationship between acceleration, mass of an object, and force on an object" is shown in Figure A.
(1) In the process of balancing the friction between the car and the tabletop, experimental team A produced a piece of paper tape as shown in Figure B. The time interval between timer ticks is 0.02 s. Starting from a relatively clear point, take a counting point every 5 points and measure the distance between adjacent counting points. The acceleration of the car a=________m/s2. (result retained to two significant figures)
(2) Experimental team B designed a data recording form as shown in the table, in which the mass m represents the mass of the car, the force F is the tension of the thin wire, and the symbols in the table represent some of the data recorded in the experiment of the group.
If three sets of data 1, 2, and 3 are used to explore the relationship between acceleration and force, then the masses of the objects in the 2 and 3 sets of data are ________, ________ respectively; if three sets of data 3, 4, and 5 are used to explore the relationship between acceleration and object mass relationship, then the forces on the objects in the 4th and 5th sets of data are ________ and ________ respectively.
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