"The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries in Eastern Europe" The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries PPT Courseware 4

"The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries in Eastern Europe" The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries PPT Courseware 4

"Eastern Europe" refers to eight countries located in the southeastern and central regions of Europe and west of the Soviet Union. They are: Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Albania, the German Democratic Republic and Yugoslavia.

1. Reforms in Hungary

Background: After World War II, a series of countries in Eastern Europe and Asia embarked on the path of socialism. They have made certain achievements based on learning from the Soviet Union's construction experience. However, due to copying the Soviet Union's socialist construction model, its shortcomings are increasingly exposed, and reform is imperative. Among the reforms in the socialist countries of Eastern Europe, Hungary's socialist reforms are more distinctive.

Reason: Eastern European countries were largely controlled by the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union forced Eastern European countries to be consistent with it in domestic and foreign policies. Because the Hungarian people demanded political and economic reforms, they had violent conflicts with the then government. Later, the newly formed government invited the Soviet army to quell the riots, which was known as the "Hungarian Incident" in history.

Contents of the reform:

Politically: Improve the leadership of the party, promote socialist democracy, improve the legal system, and stabilize the political situation. Economically: In response to the serious imbalance in the proportion of the national economy, reduce the accumulation rate, slow down the development of heavy industry, and give priority to the development of agriculture and light industry; adjust In agricultural policy, the compulsory sales system of agricultural products was abolished and the purchase price of agricultural products was increased. The state canceled the mandatory plans for cooperatives and state-owned farms and used economic means such as prices and taxes for regulation; it also carried out management system reforms in industry.

Achievements: The economic reform achieved preliminary achievements - industrial production ranked 17th in the world by 1970, and the average annual growth rate of national income increased to 6.2% from 1968 to 1978. In Hungarian stores and agricultural and sideline products markets, customers were able to buy cheap and high-quality goods without queuing in long lines, which was almost unheard of in the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries at the time.

The impact of the reform: The political and economic situation gradually stabilized, and it became the "enviable window to Eastern Europe" for a while. However, the reform encountered setbacks from the mid-1970s. As reforms stalled and the economic situation worsened, domestic political instability grew. By the 1980s, Hungary was facing new economic difficulties.

2. Drastic changes in Eastern Europe

Background: ① In the 1980s, the highly centralized economic management system became increasingly unable to adapt to the requirements of economic development, and people's living standards declined.

②The failure of reform and increasingly serious economic difficulties have led to a serious social crisis.

③The Soviet Union relaxed its control over Eastern European countries.

Dramatic changes in Eastern Europe: manifestations of “change”

Material 1: Due to economic stagnation, long-term shortage of goods and tight supply, Poland was in serious difficulties at that time. …The political turmoil in Poland caused a domino effect in various socialist countries in Eastern Europe; soon after, unrest broke out in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, the Democratic Republic of Germany, Bulgaria, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Albania, and finally ended the Communist Party’s ruling position. . Material 2: The change in Poland took 10 years, Hungary took 10 months, the Democratic Republic of Germany took 10 weeks, Czechoslovakia took 10 days, and Romania only took 10 hours. ——Times Magazine

Result: The original ruling parties in Eastern European countries lost power one after another, and the social system underwent fundamental changes. Some countries are divided, while others are reunifying. Among them, Yugoslavia was divided into five parts, Czechoslovakia was divided into two parts, the Democratic Republic of Germany and the Federal Republic of Germany merged to achieve reunification, the ruling parties in each country changed, and the Communist Party lost power.

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963-1992)

Located in the Balkan Peninsula, it was disintegrated in 1992 into

a.The Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro.

b.Republic of Croatia.

c.Republic of Slovenia.

d.Republic of Macedonia.

e.Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

What inspirations does the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe have on the development of our country?

Adhere to the path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and adhere to independent domestic and foreign policies;

Vigorously develop productive forces, improve people's living standards, and demonstrate the superiority of socialism;

Establish and improve socialist democracy and the legal system, and implement the rule of law;

Strengthen the building of the ruling party and safeguard the party's leadership position.

Eastern European countries in the 1950s ( )

Common requirements for reform:

A.Develop national economy

B. Get rid of the shackles of the Soviet model

C. Establish a market economy

D. Strengthen centralization

From the content point of view, the core of Hungarian reform is ( )

A Sound legal system

B develop the economy rationally

C implement a market economy

D. Breaking the highly centralized economic and political system

The essence of the drastic changes in Eastern Europe ( )

A. Changes in social systems

B. Changes in territory

C. Change of country name

D. Changes in social life

"Reading history makes people wise." The biggest inspiration for us from the drastic changes in Eastern Europe is ( )

A. Socialist construction must be combined with the actual situation of the country

B． Socialist construction must adhere to independence

C. Socialist construction should continue to carry out reforms

D. Socialist construction must strengthen resistance to Western "peaceful evolution"

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