"The Reform Movement of 1898" Exploration of Modernization PPT Courseware 6

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"The Reform Movement of 1898" Exploration of Modernization PPT Courseware 6

Self-learning

1. The reasons, content and impact of writing letters on the bus.

2. After the letter was written on the bus, what publicity activities did the reformers carry out?

3. The background, time and content of the Hundred Days Reform.

4. What are the advancements and limitations of the content of the Hundred Days Reform?

5. The nature of the reform movement.

6. What was the outcome of the Reform Movement of 1898?

7. What are the reasons and lessons learned from the failure of the reform movement?

8. What role did the Reform Movement of 1898 play in history?

Interpretation material one

During the Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895), imperialism intensified its aggression against China, which made China's national crisis unprecedentedly serious and China faced a serious crisis of national subjugation.

Interpretation material two

The Westernization Movement objectively stimulated the emergence of Chinese national capitalism. After the Sino-Japanese War, national capitalism achieved further development.

Interpretation material three

With the development of China's national capitalism, the power of the national bourgeoisie gradually grew and began to enter the stage of history. They demanded reforms and reformed the social status quo.

1. Reasons for writing letters on the bus

(1) Fundamental reasons: Imperialist aggression intensifies, and China faces the crisis of national subjugation.

(2) Direct reason: the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki.

2. Writing on the bus

(1) What is writing on the bus?

Letter on the bus:

Explanation: Bus: The name of the official responsible for receiving petitions and recruiting from subjects in the Han Dynasty. Later, it also referred to the people who came to Beijing to take the exam.

It originally refers to people who go to Beijing to petition or write letters to express their opinions, and also specifically refers to people who enter Beijing for the examination to write letters to express their opinions.

Source: "Historical Records: Biography of Dongfang Shuo": "When Shuo first entered Chang'an, he went to the bus to write a letter, and he used three thousand memorial slips."

Source: "Historical Records·Funny Biographies" records: During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Dongfang Shuo, a native of Qi, liked books handed down from ancient times.

He read extensively the books of various schools of thought, so he was rich in knowledge and knowledge. After he arrived in Chang'an, he went to Gongche Mansion to write a letter to the emperor, using a total of 3,000 wooden slips. The bus office sent two people to carry his memorial, and they could barely lift it. It took Emperor Wu two months to read Dongfang Shuo's memorial. After reading it, Long was delighted and ordered the appointment of Dongfang Shuo as Lang Guan.

(2) Basic situation

The background of the letter on the bus stems from the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894, when China was defeated by Japan. In the spring of 1895, Yiweike Jinshi was finishing the joint examination in Beijing and waiting for the results to be released. The sudden news that Taiwan and Liaodong were ceded to China under the Treaty of Shimonoseki and that an indemnity of 20,000 taels was to be paid arrived, and everyone who was taking the exam in Beijing was furious. Taiwanese Juren cried bitterly. On April 22, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao wrote an 18,000-word "Letter to the Emperor", which was responded to by people from 18 provinces and signed by more than 1,200 people. On May 2, led by Kang and Liang, people from eighteen provinces and thousands of citizens gathered in front of the "Du Cha Yuan" to ask for a memorial.

(3) Impact

Although the "Bus Letter" was not successful, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and others printed it nationwide, which aroused widespread attention from people from all walks of life and promoted the development of the reform movement. In 1895, Kang Youwei led the "Petition on the Bus", which marked the development of reform ideas from scholars discussing politics and public opinion propaganda to a political movement of social petition and patriotic salvation. And thus opened the prelude to the reform movement.

(1) Background of the “Hundred Days Reform”:

Material 1: In the newspapers and offices of all nations, discussions are boiling. They talk about carving up China. If an arrow is in the string, provinces and encyclopedias are about to be launched. The country is frightened and the people are in chaos... The carvings are cut open, and the buds are gradually exposed. The fear returns and the place of death is unknown. ...I am afraid that from now on, although the emperor and his ministers want to live in peace and contentment, singing and dancing in the lakes and mountains, they will not be able to get it. Moreover, they are afraid that the emperor and his ministers will seek to become commoners of Chang'an and they will not be able to get it. ——Kang Youwei's "The Fifth Book of the Shangqing Emperor"

Material 2: Since the Taiwan incident (after the cession of Taiwan), everyone in the world has known that the imperial court cannot be relied on (shi), people have no solid ambitions, and treacherous (gui) bad guys are born. ...With bribes and cowardice, riots at the top, servants and officials, chaos at the bottom, chaos and chaos everywhere, without the pressure of strong neighbors, it is already dangerous! ——Kang Youwei's "The Fifth Book of the Shangqing Emperor"

1. After the Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War, imperialism set off a frenzy to carve up China, and the crisis deepened.

2. Kang Youwei wrote a letter, and his sincere words moved Emperor Guangxu, saying that he would not be a "king who would subjugate his country."

(2) The debate before the “Hundred Days Reform”:

Examples from textbooks: Li Hongzhang and Weng Tongxi, ministers of the Prime Minister's Office, and Ronglu, minister of military aircraft, questioned Kang Youwei.

Theme of the debate: Should we reform the law?

Both sides of the debate:

Ronglu et al. Represent the die-hards

Kang Youwei and others. Representing the reformists

Conclusion (effect): Through the debate, the reform ideas were spread more widely, and a good public opinion atmosphere was created for the implementation of the Reform Movement of 1898. However, because the national bourgeoisie was externally oppressed by imperialist aggressive forces and internally bound by the feudal forces of the country at that time, although it had the desire to fight against oppression, it was small in scale and weak in strength, so it wanted to rely on the feudal emperor to carry out reforms. (forming the first trend of ideological emancipation in modern times)

The nature of the debate: the head-on confrontation between capitalist thought and feudal thought

Class hour testing

1. In order to take the road of saving the country, ________ once again submitted a letter, not to be the king who subjugated the country, and ________ issued an edict for reform.

Opposing the reforms, ________ launched a coup, awakened the people with blood, and ________ died generously.

2. If you don't see it, the waves of the Yellow Sea are raging... The knife in the vegetable market is splashing with blood and laughing... (Quoted from Ding Mang's "Ode to the Qi Festival") The historical events related to the poem are

A. The Opium War and the Second Opium War B. The Second Opium War and the Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War

C. The Sino-Japanese War of 1898 and the Reform Movement of 1898 D. The Westernization Movement and the Eight-Power Allied Forces' War of Invasion of China

3. The event that kicked off the Reform Movement of 1898 was

A. Establish a strong society B. Write a letter on the bus

C. Founded the "Global Gazette" D. Kang Youwei was invited to the Prime Minister's Yamen for "questioning"

4. Among the laws and regulations of the Reform Movement of 1898, the content that is beneficial to the development of the capitalist economy is

A. Reform government agencies, eliminate redundant officials, and appoint reformers. B. Encourage private companies to set up industrial and mining enterprises.

C. Open new schools, translate Western books, spread new ideas, establish newspapers and periodicals, and open up speech

D. Training a new type of army

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"Reform of 1898" PPT courseware download:

Download the PPT courseware of "The Reform Movement of 1898" Part One: Learning Objectives Knowledge Objectives Through the study of this lesson, students will understand basic knowledge such as the letter to the public, the Hundred Days Reform, and the 1898 Revolution. Emotional goals: By learning the progressive stance of reformers and their plans for reform...

"Reform of 1898" PPT download:

The first part of the PPT download of "The Reform Movement of 1898": Learning objectives 1. Understand the early reform thoughts and the reform thoughts of the main representatives He Kang and Liang; 2. Be familiar with the letter on the bus, "China and Foreign Chronicles", Qiang Xue Xue, "Ying Zhao Coordinating the Overall situation" "Zhe" and other knowledge points; 3. Master...

"Reform of 1898" PPT courseware:

"The Reform Movement of 1898" PPT courseware The first part of the content: Reform Reform Leadership class and faction: bourgeois reformists Leaders: Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Tan Sitong, Yan Fu Rise: petition on the bus, development, organization of societies, founding of newspapers and periodicals Climax: Hundred Days of Reform (1898 Reform...

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Update Time: 2024-09-03

This template belongs to History courseware People's Education Edition Eighth Grade History Volume 1 industry PPT template

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