"The Politics and Military of the Two Song Dynasties" The coexistence of the multi-ethnic regimes of the Liao, Song, Xia and Jin Dynasties and the unification of the Yuan Dynasty PPT teaching courseware

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"The Politics and Military of the Two Song Dynasties" The coexistence of the multi-ethnic regimes of the Liao, Song, Xia and Jin Dynasties and the unification of the Yuan Dynasty PPT teaching courseware

Part One: Introduction to New Lesson: Telling Historical Stories

"History of the Song Dynasty: The Benji of Taizu":

"The commanders lined up in the court with their swords exposed and said: 'The armies have no masters, and I hope that the Taiwei will be the emperor.' Before he could get the answer, someone put the Taizu in yellow clothes, and everyone bowed and said long live the emperor."

Political and military PPT of the two Song Dynasties, part 2: the strengthening of autocratic centralization in the early Song Dynasty

1. Song Taizu strengthened centralization of power

1. The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty

(1) Overview: In 960, General Zhao Kuangyin of the Later Zhou Dynasty launched a mutiny in Chenqiaoyi, and his subordinates supported him as emperor.

(2) Result: Zhao Kuangyin seized the power of the Later Zhou Dynasty, changed the name of the country to Song Dynasty, made Kaifeng Tokyo and the capital, and was known as the Northern Song Dynasty in history

2. Unification of the Northern Song Dynasty

Song Taizu and his successors successively eliminated the separatist regimes in the south and then the north, ending the separation and separatism between the Central Plains and the south.

3. Strengthen centralization

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the political situation continued to be turbulent and the life of the regime was short.

(1) Military

Purpose: To solve the long-standing disadvantages of military commanders’ exclusive power

"A glass of wine releases military power": Lifting the military power of the generals of the Forbidden Army and firmly controlling the army

Separation of command and control: Control the mobilization of the army, so that the generals of the imperial army have the power to control the troops but have no power to send them.

The method of changing the garrison: frequently change the army generals, change the defense regularly, cut off the connection between the generals, the soldiers and the local area, so that the soldiers do not know the generals and the generals are not specialized.

(2) Administration

①Center

Purpose: To prevent the prime minister from having too much power

Principle: Divide the power of affairs and weaken the power of the prime minister

②Place

In order to strengthen control, civil servants were appointed as governors of various prefectures and counties.

In order to prevent the magistrate from having too much power

(1) Implement a three-year replacement system and frequently transfer state and county chiefs

(2) Set up general tribunals in each state capital

(3) Finance

① The power of Jiedushi to collect taxes is abolished. Except for the states that reserve part for local necessary expenditures, all other taxes are controlled by the central government.

② Set up transfer envoys in local areas to collect local wealth to the central government

The centralization of power in the Song Dynasty was strengthened to an unprecedented degree, and the imperial power was greatly strengthened.

2. The policy of emphasizing civility over military affairs

1. The formation of a pattern of civil servants commanding troops

Purpose: To prevent the recurrence of the abuses of tyrannical military commanders since the late Tang Dynasty

2. Reform and development of the imperial examination system

(1) Overview: In the early Song Dynasty, the number of candidates for imperial examinations was greatly increased and the status of Jinshi was improved.

(2) Impact: ①Create a strong reading atmosphere nationwide

② Promote the improvement of cultural literacy of the entire society

③The Song Dynasty created a cultural and political situation with developed science and technology, prosperous culture, and numerous talents.

3. Function

It has reversed the trend of favoring martial arts over literary culture during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, and prevented the occurrence of domineering military commanders and mutiny and coups, which is conducive to the stability of the regime and the stability of society.

Political and Military PPT of the Two Song Dynasties, Part Three: Frontier Pressure and Financial Crisis

1. Khitan and Dangxiang people

1. Khitan people

(1) rise

① During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the economic and cultural ties between the nomadic Khitan people in the north and the Han people became increasingly close

②At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the northern Han people brought advanced production technology and lifestyle to the Central Plains

③In the late 9th century, Khitan already had farming, iron smelting, textile and other industries, and began to build houses and cities.

(2) Establishment and rule of political power

①At the beginning of the 10th century, Yelu Abaoji unified all Khitan tribes and established political power. The capital was Linhengfu in Shangjing.

②After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Abaoji developed production, created writing, and the national strength continued to increase.

2. Party clan

(1) Rise: During the Tang Dynasty, the Dangxiang people concentrated in eastern Gansu and northern Shaanxi. They had more and more contact with the culture of the Central Plains, and social production developed.

(2) Establishment and rule of political power

2. The peace war between the Liao Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty

1.Background

(1) During the reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, the Liao army launched a massive attack on the Song Dynasty and threatened the capital Kaifeng.

(2) Kou Zhun urged Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty to fight in person. The morale of the Song army was greatly boosted and the Liao army was defeated.

2.Content

Liao and Song negotiated peace, the Liao army withdrew, and the Song Dynasty gave Liao Sui coins

3. Influence

For a long time after that, Liao and Song Dynasties maintained a peaceful situation.

Political and Military PPT of the Two Song Dynasties, Part 4: Wang Anshi’s Reform

Qingli New Deal

1. Background: The political atmosphere of the Northern Song Dynasty was conservative and administrative efficiency was low.

2. Reformer: Fan Zhongyan

3. Supporter: Song Renzong

4. Purpose of reform: rectify the bureaucracy

5. Result of reform: Failure

6. Reason for failure: Offended the vested interests of the bureaucracy

Wang Anshi's Reform

3. Contents of the reform

Reform evaluation

Political and military PPT of the two Song Dynasties, part 5: Partial peace in the Southern Song Dynasty

1. The establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty: After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou came to the throne. Zhao Gou was Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty. Later, Lin'an was established as the capital, and it was called the Southern Song Dynasty in history.

2. The war between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty

Yue Fei resists gold

(1) Background: In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin army marched southward several times, and the soldiers and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty rose up to resist.

(2) Overview: Yue Fei led the "Yue Family Army" in the Northern Expedition to regain a large area of ​​lost territory and achieve major results such as the victory in Yancheng.

(3) Result: In order to maintain their own rule, Song Gaozong and the powerful minister Qin Hui sued for peace from the Jin Dynasty, and ordered Yue Fei to kill him on "unfounded" charges.

Why was Yue Fei able to win against the Jin Dynasty?

(1) The support of the Han people (the Jin soldiers slaughtered the Han people, and the fight against the Jin was to protect the lives and property of the Han people)

(2) The Yue family army has strict discipline and is brave and good at fighting.

(3) Yue Fei’s personal talents and qualities

Why is Yue Fei so loved by the people?

(1) Resolutely resist the Jin Dynasty’s attacks and make repeated military exploits

(2) The Yuejia army fought bravely and with strict discipline

(3) His unjust death made the people sympathize and miss him even more

Keywords: free download of the PPT courseware of the first volume of the unified version of the Chinese and Foreign History Outline, the political and military PPT download of the two Song Dynasties, the coexistence of the multi-ethnic regimes of the Liao, Song, Xia and Jin Dynasties and the unification of the Yuan Dynasty PPT download, .PPT format;

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"Politics and Military in the Two Song Dynasties" PPT download:

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"Politics and Military in the Two Song Dynasties" PPT courseware:

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

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