"The Opium War" Aggression and Resistance PPT Courseware 2

"The Opium War" Aggression and Resistance PPT Courseware 2

Nature of society: semi-colonial and semi-feudal society

Before 1840, China was ruled by the Qing Dynasty, and it was also ruled by the Qing Dynasty after that. Why does it belong to ancient Chinese history before 1840, and modern Chinese history after that?

Summary: History has entered the 19th century, and the world has undergone tremendous changes. The British Empire, which took the lead in completing the Industrial Revolution, has developed rapidly and has become the number one capitalist power. In order to expand overseas colonies and markets, it is urgent to change the situation of trade with China and open up China's door. The ancient and unchanging Chinese Empire is still sleeping in the dream of "Celestial Dynasty, Seclusion". The Qing Dynasty, which has ruled China for more than 200 years, has shown a crisis-ridden decline and will inevitably become the target of British plunder.

Lin Zexu

①National hero

In 1839, he led the anti-smoking movement and defended the dignity of the Chinese nation;

②The first person in modern times to open his eyes to the world

Before and after the Opium War, he organized the compilation of "Records of Four Continents" to understand the situation in the West.

What do you think is the historical significance of Lin Zexu’s ban on opium in Humen?

The anti-smoking movement led by Lin Zexu demonstrated the Chinese nation's firm determination to resist foreign aggression and safeguarded the fundamental interests and national dignity of the people of all ethnic groups in our country. He is a hero of the Chinese nation.

Thinking: Reflect on the fundamental reasons for China’s defeat in the Opium War, and think about the lessons the outcome of the war left us.

The fundamental reason for China's defeat was that the decadent and declining feudalism represented by the Qing government could not fight against the emerging bourgeoisie. (Political corruption, weak overall national strength, and improper response made it impossible for the Qing army to share the same hatred and fight bloody battles like Guan Tianpei and the warriors in the Zhenjiang Battle.)

2. Treaty of Nanjing

Sino-British Treaty of Nanjing

⒈Signing time: August 1842

⒉Main content

① Compensation of 21 million silver dollars;

②Cede Hong Kong Island;

③Five ports for trade;

④ Agreement on tariffs.

⑤Attachment content:

A. Consular jurisdiction;

B. One-sided most-favored-nation treatment;

C. The British could rent land and build houses in the treaty ports.

3. Burning the Old Summer Palace

Thought 1: More than ten years after the Opium War, why did Britain and France reignite the war in our country and provoke the Second Opium War?

After the First Opium War, the government and the public were not awakened by the sound of artillery. In order to further open up the Chinese market and expand their rights of aggression, Britain and France deliberately created troubles under the pretext of "revising the treaty".

Thought 2: “What does the history of the burning of the Old Summer Palace illustrate?”

On the one hand, it once again exposed the ferocious face of capitalist plunder, and on the other hand, it once again exposed the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government. The war caused China to lose more rights and interests. It was a continuation of the Opium War.

4. Tsarist Russia invaded and occupied large areas of China’s territory

Think: What does this fact mean?

Tsarist Russia has always had territorial ambitions towards China. The Opium War exposed the weakness of the Qing government, which led to Tsarist Russia’s plundering and wanton aggression. Tsarist Russia became the country that occupied the most territory in China in modern times. Tsarist Russia’s aggression severely damaged China’s territorial integrity.

Thinking: What does the historical facts of the Taiping Army’s fight against the Foreign Gun Corps indicate?

The Qing court was afraid of "foreigners", but the Taiping Army beat the "foreigners" into a panic. This shows that the Chinese nation is unwilling to lag behind and will not succumb to the aggressive forces of foreign powers. The advanced Chinese will work hard to seek the truth and explore the road to salvation. .

Lin Zexu, he was not only a great patriot, he was the first person in modern China to open his eyes to the world." Lin Zexu banned smoking. Although it was fundamentally to maintain the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty, the anti-smoking movement he led and during the Opium War and In the post-war anti-aggression struggle, he defended the interests of the Chinese nation and demonstrated the heroic spirit of the Chinese people. He was a national hero in modern history.

The fundamental reason for the outbreak of the Opium War was that Britain wanted to open the door to China. Lin Zexu's ban on smoking was the trigger for the outbreak of the Opium War. It was an excuse. Regardless of whether China banned smoking or not, this war would break out sooner or later.

After the Opium War, China began to slip into the abyss of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The Chinese, represented by Lin Zexu, began a heroic struggle against aggression, thus opening a chapter in China's modern history.

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